“I Will Make You Understand”

Using Pictures to Explore Young Boys’ Sport Experiences

in Boyhood Studies
Author:
Deborah Agnew Flinders University deb.agnew@flinders.edu.au

Search for other papers by Deborah Agnew in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Jennifer Fane Flinders University jennifer.fane@flinders.edu.au

Search for other papers by Jennifer Fane in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Murray Drummond Flinders University murray.drummond@flinders.edu.au

Search for other papers by Murray Drummond in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Philippa Henderson Flinders University pip.henderson@flinders.edu.au

Search for other papers by Philippa Henderson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

ABSTRACT

This qualitative project explores the meanings young boys ascribe to sport experiences and how understandings and perspectives of sport differ between parent(s) and child. Thirteen five-year-old boys and their parent(s) (n = 17) took part in semi-structured interviews focusing on meanings associated with their sport and physical activity experiences. The boys undertook a drawing exercise as part of the interview to elicit their experiences as distinct from those of their parent(s). The seventeen parents were interviewed about their motivation for encouraging their sons to be active. The results indicated that the parents’ and boys’ constructions and understandings of the boys’ sport experienced differed in two important ways; the gendering of the sport experience, and the way in which the sport experience is conceptualized.

Contributor Notes

Deborah Agnew is a lecturer in the School of Education at Flinders University in South Australia. Her research interests include Australian football, masculinity, sports retirement, and men’s health. She is a member of the Flinders SHAPE (Sport, Health and Physical Education) Research Centre and teaches in the Bachelor of Sport, Health and Physical Activity. E-mail: deb.agnew@flinders.edu.au

Jennifer Fane is an associate lecturer in Health and Early Childhood Education at Flinders University, Australia, and a member of the Flinders Sport, Health and Physical Education (SHAPE) Research Group. She has a diverse teaching background in early childhood settings and schools, and is a PhD candidate in the Discipline of Public Health at Flinders University. E-mail: jennifer.fane@flinders.edu.au

Murray Drummond is a Professor and Director of the Sport, Health and Physical Education (SHAPE) Research Centre at Flinders University. His research interests are based around qualitative health research with a particular interest in masculinities, sport and body image. E-mail: murray.drummond@flinders.edu.au

Philippa Henderson has a Master degree in Public Health and teaches across a wide variety of health topics in the School of Education and the School of Health Science at Flinders University in South Australia. Her research interests include sport and physical activity, as well as social justice, health equity issues, and social determinants of health. E-mail: pip.henderson@flinders.edu.au

  • Collapse
  • Expand

Boyhood Studies

An Interdisciplinary Journal

  • Agnew, Deborah, and Murray Drummond. 2015. “Australian Football, Masculinity and the Acceptance of Pain and Injury as a Career ‘Norm.’International Journal of Sport and Society: Annual Review 6: 923.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Allender, Steven, Gill Cowburn, and Charlie Foster. 2006. “Understanding Participation in Sport and Physical Activity among Children and Adults: A Review of Qualitative Studies.” Health Education Research 21, no. 6: 826835. doi:10.1093/her/cyl063.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Anderson, Eric, and Adam White. 2017. Sport, Theory and Social Problems: A Critical Introduction (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2013. “4901.0 Children’s Participation in Cultural and Leisure Activities, Australia Apr 2012.” http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/4901.0~Apr+2012~Main+Features~Sports+participation?OpenDocument (accessed 13 October 2016).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bochner, Arthur. 2002. “Perspectives on Inquiry III: The Moral of Stories.” In The Handbook of Interpersonal Communication (3rd ed.), ed. K. Knapp and J. Daley, 73101. London: Sage.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Braun, Virginia, and Victoria Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (1): 77101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brooks, Margaret. 2009. “What Vygotsky Can Tell Us About Young Children Drawing.” International Art in Early Childhood Research Journal 1 (1): 113.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brustad, Robert. 2008. “Qualitative Research Approaches.” In Advances in Sport Psychology (3rd ed.), ed. Thelma Horn, 314. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chalabaev, Aïna, Philippe Sarrazin, Paul Fontayne, Julie Boiché, and Corentin Clément–Guillotin. 2013. “The Influence of Sex Stereotypes and Gender Roles on Participation and Performance in Sport and Exercise: Review and Future Directions.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14 (2): 136144. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.10.005.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Clandinin, D. Jean, and Janice Huber. 2010. “Narrative Inquiry.” In International Encyclopedia of Education (3rd ed.), ed. Penelope Peterson, Eva Baker and Barry McGaw, 436441. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Coakley, Jay. 2011. “Youth Sports: What Counts as ‘Positive Development?’Journal of Sport & Social Issues 35 (3): 306324. doi:10.1177/0193723511417311.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Coalter, Fred, and John Taylor. 2010. “Sport-for-Development Impact Study. A Research Initiative Funded by Comic Relief and UK Sport and Managed by International Development Through Sport.” Studies DoS, Editor. http://www.uksport.gov.uk/docLib/MISC/FredCoaltersseminalMandEManual.pdf (accessed 31 October 2016).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Connell, Raewyn. 1995. Masculinities. Crows Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin.

  • Connell, Raewyn. 2008. “Masculinity Construction and Sports in Boys’ Education: A Framework for Thinking About the Issue.” Sport, Education and Society 13 (2): 131145. doi:10.1080/13573320801957053.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Danish, Steven. 2002. “Teaching Life Skills through Sport.” In Paradoxes of Youth and Sport, ed. Margaret Gatz and Michael Messner, 4960. Albany: State University of New York.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Danish, Steven, Tanya Forneris, and Ian Wallace. 2005. “Sport–Based Life Skills Programming in the Schools.” Journal of Applied School Psychology 21 (2): 4162. doi:10.1300/J370v21n02_04.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Doty, Joseph. 2006. “Sports Build Character?!Journal of College and Character 7 (3): 19. doi:10.2202/1940–1639.1529.

  • Drummond, Murray. 2001. “Boys’ Bodies in the Context of Sport and Physical Activity: Implications for Health.” New Zealand Physical Educator 34 (1): 5364.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Drummond, Murray. 2011. “Sport, the Body and Boys’ Constructions of Masculinity.” In Youth sport in Australia: History and culture, ed. Steve Georgakis and Kate Russell, 8596. Sydney, NSW: Sydney University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Drummond, Murray. 2016. “The Voices of Boys on Sport, Health and Physical Activity: The Beginning of Life Through a Gendered Lens.” In Child’s Play Sport in Kids’ Worlds, ed. Michael A. Messner and Michela Musto, 160170. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Drummond, Murray, Claire Drummond, and David Birbeck. 2009. “Listening to Children’s Voices in Qualitative Health Research.” Journal of Student Wellbeing 3 (1): 113.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Eagly, Alice H. 2009. Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social–Role Interpretation. New York: Psychology Press.

  • Einarsdóttir, Johanna, Sue Dockett, and Bob Perry. 2009. “Making Meaning: Children’s Perspectives Expressed Through Drawings.” Early Child Development and Care 179 (2): 217232. doi:10.1080/03004430802666999.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • England, Dawn Elizabeth, Lara Descartes, and Melissa A. Collier-Meek. 2011. “Gender Role Portrayal and the Disney Princesses.” Sex Roles 64, (7–8): 555567.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fane, Jennifer, Colin MacDougall, Jessie Jovanovic, Gerry Redmond, and Lisa Gibbs. 2016. “Exploring the Use of Emoji as a Visual Research Method for Eliciting Young Children’s Voices in Childhood Research.” Early Child Development and Care. doi:10.1080/03004430.2016.1219730.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fielding, Michael. 2004. “Transformative Approaches to Student Voice: Theoretical Underpinnings, Recalcitrant Realities.” British Educational Research Journal 30 (2): 295311. doi:10.1080/0141192042000195236.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fredricks, Jennifer, and Jacquelynne Eccles. 2005. “Family Socialization, Gender, and Sport Motivation and Involvement.” Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 27: 331.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hardin, Marie, and Jennifer Greer. 2009. “The Influence of Gender-Role Socialization, Media Use and Sports Participation on Perceptions of Gender-Appropriate Sports.” Journal of Sport Behavior 32 (2): 207226.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Harrison, Barbara. 2002. “Seeing Health and Illness Worlds—Using Visual Methodologies in a Sociology of Health and Illness: A Methodological Review.” Sociology of Health and Illness 24, no. 6: 856872. doi:10.1111/1467–9566.00322.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hickey, Christopher, and Lindsay Fitzclarence. 1999. “Educating Boys in Sport and Physical Education: Using Narrative Methods to Develop Pedagogies of Responsibility.” Sport, Education and Society 4, no 1: 5162.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hickey, Christopher. 2008. “Physical Education, Sport and Hyper–Masculinity in Schools.” Sport, Education and Society 13 (2): 147161.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hill, Malcolm. 2006. “Children’s Voices on Ways of Having a Voice: Children’s and Young People’s Perspectives on Methods Used in Research and Consultation,” Childhood 13 (1): 6989. doi:10.1177/0907568206059972.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hodge, Ken, and Steven Danish. 1999. “Promoting Life Skills for Adolescent Males through Sport.” In Handbook of Counseling Boys and Adolescent Males: A Practitioner’s Guide, ed. Arthur M. Horne and Mark S. Kiselica, 5571. Sage. doi:10.4135/9781452220390.n4.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Holt, Nicholas, Katherine Tamminen, Lisa Tink, and Danielle Black. 2009. “An Interpretive Analysis of Life Skills Associated with Sport Participation.” Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise 1 (2): 160175. doi:10.1080/19398440902909017.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kremer-Sadlik, Tamar, and Jeemin Kim. 2007. “Lessons from Sports: Children’s Socialization to Values through Family Interaction during Sports Activities.” Discourse & Society 18, no 1: 3552. doi:10.1177/0957926507069456.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Koivula, Nathalie. 1995. “Ratings of Gender Appropriateness of Sports Participation: Effects of Gender–Based Schematic Processing.” Sex Roles 33, nos. 7–8: 543557. doi:10.1007/BF01544679.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Koivula, Nathalie. 2001. “Perceived Characteristics of Sports Categorized as Gender-Neutral, Feminine and Masculine.” Journal of Sport Behavior 24 (4): 377-393.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lau, Patrick, Kenneth Fox, and Mike Cheung. 2004. “Psychosocial and Socio–Environmental Correlates of Sport Identity and Sport Participation in Secondary School-Age Children.” European Journal of Sport Science 4 (3): 121, doi:10.1080/17461390400074301.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lindsey, Linda L. 2016. Gender Roles: A Sociological Perspective. New York: Routledge.

  • Lines, Gill. 2001. “Villains, Fools or Heroes? Sports Stars as Role Models for Young People.” Leisure Studies 20: 285303. doi:10.1080/02614360110094661.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • MacDougall, Colin, Wendy Schiller, and Philip Darbyshire. 2004. “We Have to Live in the Future.” Early Childhood Development and Care 174 (4): 369387. doi:10.1080/0300443032000153426.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mauthner, Melanie. 1997. “Methodological Aspects of Collecting Data from Children: Lessons from Three Research Projects.” Children & Society 11: 1628. doi:10.1111/j.1099–0860.1997.tb00003.x.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Messner, Michael. 1990. “Men Studying Masculinity: Some Epistemological Issues in Sport Sociology.” Sociology of Sport Journal 7 (2): 136153. doi:10.1123/ssj.7.2.136.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Metheny, Eleanor. 1965. Connotations of Movement in Sport and Dance. Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown.

  • Mills, Albert, Gabrielle Durepos, and Eiden Weibe, eds. 2010. Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

  • Patton, Michael. 2002. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

  • Phoenix, Cassandra. 2010. “Seeing the World of Physical Culture: The Potential of Visual Methods for Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise.” Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise 2 (2): 93108. doi:10.1080/19398441.2010.488017.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Prain, Vaughan. 1998. “‘Playing the Man’ and Changing Masculinities.” In Where the Boys Are: Masculinity, Sport and Education, ed. Christopher Hickey, Lindsay Fitzclarence and Russell Matthews, 5566. Geelong: Deakin Centre for Education and Change.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Profile ID. 2016. “Community Profile: South Australia Households with Children.” http://profile.id.com.au/australia/households–with–children?WebID=130 (accessed 14 January 2016).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Qu, Sandy, and John Dumay. 2011. “The Qualitative Research Interview.” Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 8 (3): 238264. doi:10.1108/11766091111162070.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Riemer, Brenda, and Michelle Visio. 2003. “Gender Typing of Sports: An Investigation of Metheny’s Classification.” Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 74 (2): 193204. doi:10.1080/02701367.2003.10609081.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schmalz, Dorothy, and Deborah Kerstetter. 2006. “Girlie Girls and Manly Men: Children’s Stigma Consciousness of Gender in Sports and Physical Activities.” Journal of Leisure Research 38 (4): 536557.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Smith, Brett, and Andrew Sparkes. 2009. “Narrative Inquiry in Sport and Exercise Psychology: What Can It Mean and Why Might We Do It?Psychology of Sport and Exercise 10: 111.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Thomas, James, and Angela Harden. 2008. “Methods for the Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Research in Systematic Reviews.” BMC Medical Research Methodology 8: 4555. doi:10.1186/1471–2288–8–45.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • White, Adam, and Michael Hobson. 2015. Teachers’ Stories: Physical Education Teachers’ Constructions and Experiences of Masculinity within Secondary School Physical Education. Sport, Education and Society. doi:10.1080/13573322.2015.1112779

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

Metrics

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 1713 1138 172
Full Text Views 36 3 0
PDF Downloads 27 3 0