Analyzing Resistance to Transitional Justice

What Can We Learn from Hybridity?

in Conflict and Society
Author:
Briony Jones University of Warwick Briony.Jones@swisspeace.ch

Search for other papers by Briony Jones in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

ABSTRACT

A focus on understanding and managing the reactions of affected populations has led to hybridity’s being an important part of the discussions about, and applications of, transitional justice. However, despite the presence of “resistance” as a component in theories of hybrid peace, there is limited in-depth theoretical or empirical work on resistance to transitional justice. The content of this article addresses this gap in two main ways. First, it asks what we can learn from theories of hybrid peace about resistance to transitional justice. Second, it proposes a particular approach to resistance that would allow for a more dynamic and ultimately more useful understanding of resistance to transitional justice. The argument presented here states not only that we must seek to understand the nature of resistance as a part of hybridity, but we must do so by analyzing the relational process through which acts come to be defined as resistance.

Contributor Notes

BRIONY JONES is currently assistant professor in international development at the University of Warwick. She has previously published on the politics of intervention, reconciliation, citizenship, transitional justice, and qualitative research methods. In addition to her current post she is an associate researcher at swisspeace in Bern and a research associate at the Centre for Criminology, University of Oxford.

  • Collapse
  • Expand

Conflict and Society

Advances in Research

  • Androff, David. K. Jr. 2012. “Can Civil Society Reclaim Truth? Results from a Community-Based Truth and Reconciliation Commission.” International Journal of Transitional Justice 6, no. 2: 296317.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Baines, Erin K. 2007. “The Haunting of Alice: Local Approaches to Justice and Reconciliation in Northern Uganda.” International Journal of Transitional Justice 1, no. 1: 91114.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bekerman, Zvi. 2009. “The Complexities of Teaching Historical Conflictual Narratives in Integrated Palestinian-Jewish Schools in Israel.” International Review of Education 55: 235250.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brudholm, Thomas. 2008. Resentments’ Virtue: Jean Améry and the Refusal to Forgive. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

  • Brudholm, Thomas, and Valérie Rosoux. 2009. “The Unforgiving: Reflections on the Resistance to Forgiveness after Atrocity.” Law and Contemporary Problems 72: 3349.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Campbell, Colm, and Catherine Turner. 2008. “Utopia and the Doubters: Truth, Transition and the Law.” Legal Studies 28, no. 3: 374395.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Clark, Phil. 2007. “Hybridity, Holism and “Traditional Justice”: The Case of the Gacaca Courts in Post-Genocide Rwanda.” George Washington International Law Review 39, no. 4: 765837.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Diaz, Catalina. 2008. “Challenging Impunity from Below: The Contested Ownership of Transitional Justice in Colombia.” Pp. 189216 in Transitional Justice from Below: Grassroots Activism and the Struggle for Change, ed. K. McEvoy and L. McGregor. Oxford and Portland: Hart Publishing.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Eastmond, Marita and Johanna Mannergren Selimović. 2012. “Silence as Possibility in Postwar Everyday Life.” International Journal of Transitional Justice 6, no.3: 502524.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Eisikovits, Nir. 2013. “Peace Versus Justice in Transitional Settings.” Philosophy of Transitional Justice, Special Issue of Politica and Societa 2: 221236.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Evans, Rachel. 2008The Two Faces of Empowerment in Conflict.” Research in Comparative and International Education 3: 5064.

  • Fletcher, Robert. 2001. “What Are We Fighting For? Rethinking Resistance in a Pewenche Community in Chile.” Journal of Peasant Studies 28, no. 3: 3766.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Heathershaw, John. 2013. “Towards Better Theories of Peacebuilding: Beyond the Liberal Peace Debate.” Peacebuilding 1, no. 2: 275282.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Iliff, Andrew R. 2012. “Root and Branch: Discourses of ‘Tradition’ in Grassroots Transitional Justice.” International Journal of Transitional Justice 6: 253273.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jacobs, Jane M. 1997. “Resisting Reconciliation: The Secret Geographies of (Post)Colonial Australia.” Pp. 203218 in Geographies of Resistance, ed. S. Pile and M. Keith. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jarstad, Anna K., and Louise Olsson. 2012. “Hybrid Peace Ownership in Afghanistan: International Perspectives of Who Owns What and When.” Global Governance 18, no. 1: 105119.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Katz, Cindi. 2003. “Social Formations: Thinking about Society, Identity, Power and Resistance.” Pp. 249265 in ed. Holloway S.L., Rice S.P., and Valentine G. Key Concepts in Geography. London: SAGE.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kent, Lia. 2001. “Local Memory Practices in East Timor: Disrupting Transitional Justice Narratives.” International Journal of Transitional Justice 5, no. 3: 434355.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Laffey, Mark, and Suthaharan Nadarajah. 2012. “The Hybridity of Liberal Peace: States, Diasporas and Insecurity.” Security Dialogue 43, no. 5: 403420.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Little, Adrian. 2009. “The Northern Ireland Paradox.” Pp. 179198 in The Politics of Radical Democracy, ed. A. Little and M. Lloyd. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • MacGinty, Roger. 2011. International Peacebuilding and Local Resistance: Hybrid Forms of Peace. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

  • MacGinty, Roger. 2012. “Between Resistance and Compliance: Non-participation and the Liberal Peace.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 6, no. 2: 167187.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McEvoy, Kieran, and Lorna McGregor. 2008. “Transitional Justice from Below: An Agenda for Research, Policy and Praxis.” Pp. 114 in Transitional Justice from Below: Grassroots Activism and the Struggle for Change, ed. K. McEvoy and L. McGregor. Oxford: Hart.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Meister, Robert. 2002. “Human Rights and the Politics of Victimhood.” Ethics and International Affairs 16: 91108.

  • Mendez, Parinaz Kermandi. 2009. “The New Wave of Hybrid Tribunals: A Sophisticated Approach to Enforcing International Humanitarian Law or an Idealistic Solution with Empty Promises?Criminal Law Forum 20: 5395.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Oglesby, Elizabeth. 2007. “Educating Citizens in Post-War Guatemala: Historical Memory, Genocide and the Culture of Peace.” Radical History Review 97: 7798.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ohlin, Jens David. 2007. “On the Very Idea of Transitional Justice.” Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations 8, no. 1: 5168.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ojara, Pius. 2012. “Deconstruction and Demonisation: The Role of Language in Transitional Justice.” Pp. 167188 in Where Law Meets Reality: Forging African Transitional Justice, ed. M. C. Okello, C. Dolan, U. Whande, N. Mncwabe, L. Onegi, and S. Oola. Cape Town: Pambazuka Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Olsen, Tricia D., Leigh Payne, and Andrew G. Reiter. 2010. “The Justice Balance: When Transitional Justice Improves Human Rights and Democracy.” Human Rights Quarterly 32, no. 4: 9801007.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Peterson, Jenny H. 2012. “A Conceptual Unpacking of Hybridity: Accounting for Notions of Power, Politics and Progress in Analyses of Aid-Driven Interfaces.” Journal of Peacebuilding and Development 7, no. 2: 922.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pile, Steve, and Michael Keith, eds. 1997. Geographies of Resistance. London: Routledge.

  • Quinn, Joanna R. 2014. “Tradition?! Traditional Cultural Institutions on Customary Practices in Uganda.” Africa Spectrum 49, no. 3: 2954.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rabkin, Jeremy. 2005. “Global Criminal Justice: An Idea Whose Time has Passed.” Cornell International Law Journal 38: 753777.

  • Rajagopal, Balakrishnan. 2003. International Law from Below. Development, Social Movements and Third World Resistance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Richmond, Oliver. 2006. “The Problem of Peace: Understanding the ‘Liberal Peace.’Conflict, Security and Development 6, no. 3: 291314.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Richmond, Oliver P. 2010. “Resistance and the Post-Liberal Peace.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 38, no. 3: 665692.

  • Richmond, Oliver P. 2011. “De-Romanticising the Local, De-Mystifying the International: Hybridity in Timor Leste and the Solomon Islands.” Pacific Review 24, no. 1: 115136.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rubli, Sandra. 2012. Transitional Justice: Justice by Bureaucratic Means? swisspeace working paper 4/2012. http://www.swisspeace.ch/publications/working-papers.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

  • Shaw, Rosalind, and Lars Waldorf. 2010. “Introduction: Localizing Transitional Justice” Pp. 326 in Localizing Transitional Justice: Interventions and Priorities after Mass Violence, ed. R. Shaw and L. Waldorf with P. Hazan. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sriram, Chandra L. 2009. “Transitional Justice and the Liberal Peace” Pp. 112130 in New Perspectives on Liberal Peacebuilding, ed. R. Newman, R. Paris, and O. P. Richmond. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sriram, Chandra L. 2012. “Post-Conflict Justice and Hybridity in Peacebuilding: Resistance or Cooptation?” Pp. 5872 in Hybrid Forms of Peace: From Everyday Agency to Post-Liberalism, ed. O. P. Richmond and A. Mitchell. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Subotić, Jelena. 2009. “The Paradox of International Justice Compliance.” International Journal of Transitional Justice 3, no. 3: 362383.

  • Thomson, Susan. 2011. “Whispering Truth to Power: The Everyday Resistance of Rwandan Peasants to Post-Genocide Reconciliation.” African Affairs 110, no. 440: 439456.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Van De Merwe, Hugo, Victoria Baxter, and Audrey R. Chapman. 2009. “Introduction.” Pp. 111 in Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice: Challenges for Empirical Research, ed. H. Van de Merwe, V. Baxter, and A. R. Chapman. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Van Leeuwen, Matthias, Willemijn Verkoren, and Freerk Boedeltje. 2012. “Thinking Beyond the Liberal Peace: From Utopia to Heterotopias.” Acta Politica 47, no. 3: 292316.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wallis, Joanne. 2012. “A Liberal-Local Hybrid Peace Project in Action? The Increasing Engagement between the Local and Liberal in Timor-Leste.” Review of International Studies 38: 735761.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

Metrics

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 982 155 10
Full Text Views 33 17 0
PDF Downloads 26 12 0