Navigating the Politics of Anxiety

Moral Outrage, Responsiveness, and State Accountability in Denmark

in Conflict and Society
Author:
Mette-Louise JohansenAarhus University mlej@cas.au.dk

Search for other papers by Mette-Louise Johansen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
View More View Less
Restricted access

Abstract

This article explores how Danish police officers and social workers involved in countering violent extremism (CVE) seek to cope with the possibility of public moral outrage being directed at the welfare state when issues of security and integration arise. In such cases, state officials are faced with a difficult dilemma: on the one hand, they could be blamed for inefficient casework if there is a terror attack. On the other hand, the target group could perceive their intervention as outrageous, in which case it may end up producing the violence that it purports to prevent. The response to this dilemma is a dynamic shift between early and intense intervention on the one hand, and hesitation and “pulling back” from intervention on the other. I suggest that this dynamic response plays a crucial role in risk assessment and decision-making processes related to CVE efforts in Denmark.

Contributor Notes

METTE-LOUISE JOHANSEN is Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Aarhus University. She is currently part of the research project “Searching the Unknown: Discourses and Effects of Preventing Radicalization in Scandinavia” (RADISKAN) funded by the Research Council of Norway and the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment. She has published on issues relating to migration, migrant parenting, social housing and integration policies, securitization and CVE, and the welfare state in Denmark. Email: mlej@cas.au.dk

  • Collapse
  • Expand

Conflict and Society

Advances in Research

  • Albertson, Bethany, and Shana K Gadarian. 2015. Anxious Politics: Democratic Citizenship in a Threatening World. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Arendt, Hannah. (1951) 1985. The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co.

  • Atran, Scott. 2016. “The Devoted Actor: Unconditional Commitment and Intractable Conflict across Cultures.” Current Anthropology 57 (13): 192203.

  • Bauman, Zygmunt. 1986. Modernity and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Polity Press.

  • Bertelsen, Preben. 2013. Tilvœrelsespsykologi: Et godt nok greb om tilvœrelsen. Forlaget Frydenlund.

  • Cohen, Stanley. 2001. States of Denial: Knowing about Atrocities and Suffering. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

  • Cohen, Stanley. 2002. Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of Mods and Rockers. London: Routledge.

  • Diamant, Alfred. 1962. “The Bureaucratic Model: Max Weber Rejected, Rediscovered, Reformed.” In Papers in Comparative Public Administration, ed. Ferrel Heady and Sybil L. Stokes, 5977. Ann Harbor, MI: Institute of Public Administration.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Du Gay, Paul. 2000. In Praise of Bureaucracy: Weber, Organization, Ethics. London: Sage.

  • Du Gay, Paul. 2005. “Bureaucracy and Liberty: State, Authority and Freedom.” In The Values of Bureaucracy, ed. Paul Du Gay 4162. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • De Koning, Anouk. 2016. “Tracing Anxious Politics in AmsterdamPatterns of Prejudice 50 (2): 109128.

  • De Koning, Anouk. 2017. “‘Handled with Care’: Diffuse Policing and the Production of Inequality in Amsterdam.” Ethnography 18 (4): 535555.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • De Koning, Anouk, and Wayne Modest. 2017. “Anxious Politics in Postcolonial Europe.” American Anthropologist 119 (3): 524526.

  • Feeley, Malcolm, and Jonathan Simon. 1994. “Actuarial Justice: The Emerging New Criminal Law.” In The Futures of Criminology, ed. David Nelken, 173201. London: Sage.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fronek, Patricia, and Polly Chester. 2016. “Moral Outrage: Social Workers in the Third Space.” Ethics and Social Welfare 10 (2): 163176.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Goodenough, Ward. H. 1997. “Moral Outrage: Territoriality in Human Guise.” Zygon 32 (1): 527.

  • Gren, Nina, and Nerina Weiss. Forthcoming. “Mission Impossible? The Moral Discomfort in Swedish and Norwegian Welfare for Refugees.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gressgàrd, Randi. 2016. “Welfare Policing and the Safety-Security Nexus in Urban Governance: The Expanded Cohesion Agenda in Malmö.” Nordic Journal of Migration Research 6 (1): 917.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gullestad, Marianne. 2006. Plausible Prejudice: Everyday Experiences and Social Images of Nation, Culture and Race. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gupta, Akhil. 2012. Red Tape: Bureaucracy, Structural Violence, and Poverty in India. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

  • Harcourt, Bernard E. 2005. “Against Prediction: Sentencing, Policing, and Punishing in an Actuarial Age.” University of Chicago Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper no. 94.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hervik, Peter. 2015. “What Is in the Scandinavian Nexus of ‘Islamophobia, Multiculturalism, and Muslim-Western Relations’?” Intersections: East European Journal of Society and Politics 1 (1): 6682.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Herzfeld, Michael. 1992. The Social Production of Indifference: Exploring the Symbolic Roots of Western Bureaucracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Højer, Lars, Anja Kublitz, Andreas Bandak, and Stine S. Puri. 2018. “Escalations: Theorizing Sudden Accelerating Change.” Anthropological Theory 18 (1): 3658.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Horgan, John. 2005. The Psychology of Terrorism. London: Routledge.

  • Johansen, Mette-Louise. 2017. “Aarhus indsatsen’: Udveksling og relationsarbejde i den danske velfœrdsstat” [Aarhus efforts’: Exchange and relational work in the Danish welfare state]. In Fremmedkrigere: Forebyggning, straffeforfølgning og rehabilitering i Skandinavia [Foreign Fighters: Prevention, prosecution, and rehabilitation in Scandinavia], ed. Anna Anderson, Sofie A. E. Høgestøl, and Anne Christine Lie, 265295. Oslo: Gyldendal Juridisk.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Johansen, Mette-Louise, and Steffen Jensen. 2017. “’They Want Us Out’: Urban Regeneration and the Limits to Integration in the Danish Welfare State.” Critique of Anthropology 37 (3): 297316.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Koch, Bettina. 2016. State Terror, State Violence: Global Perspectives. Wiesbaden: Springer.

  • Larsen, Birgitte R. 2011. “Drawing Back the Curtains: The Role of Domestic Space in the Social Inclusion and Exclusion of Refugees in Rural Denmark.” Social Analysis 55 (2): 142158.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lipsky, Michael. 2010. Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

  • Lyon, David, and Kevin D. Haggerty. 2012. “The Surveillance Legacies of 9/11: Recalling, Reflecting on, and Rethinking Surveillance in the Security Era.” Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Socitd 27 (3): 291300.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Maguire, Mark, and Pete Fussey. 2016. “Sensing Evil: Counterterrorism, Techno-science, and the Cultural Reproduction of Security.” Focaal—Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology 75: 3144.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • March, James G., and Johan P. Olsen. 2009. “The Logic of Appropriateness.” ARENA Centre for European Studies Working Paper no. 04/09.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Marcus, George. 1997. “The Uses of Complicity in the Changing Mise-en-Scène of Anthropological FieldworkRepresentations 59: 85108.

  • McAuliffe, Donna, Charlotte Williams, and Linda Briskman. 2016. “Moral Outrage! Social Work and Social WelfareEthics and Social Welfare 10 (2): 8793.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Nordstrom, Carolina, and Joann Martin, eds. 1992. The Paths to Domination, Resistance, and Terror. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Olwig, Karen. F., and Karsten Paerregaard. 2011. The Question of Integration: Immigration, Exclusion and the Danish Welfare State. Carmbridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Povinelli, Elizabeth. 2008. “The Child in the Broom Closet: States of Killing and Letting Die.” South Atlantic Quarterly 107 (3): 509530.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rapport, Nigel. 2009. Of Orderlies and Men: Hospital Porters Achieving Wellness at Work. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

  • Rapport, Nigel, ed. 2017. Distortion: Social Processes beyond the Structured and Systemic. London: Routledge.

  • Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, and Phillipe Bourgois, eds. 2004. Violence in War and Peace. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

  • Sedgwick, Mark. 2014. Making European Muslims: Religious Socialization among Young Muslims in Scandinavia and Western Europe. New York: Routledge.

  • Sparks, Chris. 2003. “Liberalism, Terrorism and the Politics of FearPolitics 23 (3): 200206.

  • Tsing, Anna. 2005. Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connections. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

  • Vohnsen, Nina Holm. 2016. The Absurdity of Bureaucracy: How Implementation Works. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

  • Vohnsen, Nina Holm. 2017. “A Blind Man’s Problem: Distortion and Non-responsiveness; Or, the Construction of Non-futures in Danish Bureaucracy.” In Rapport 2017: 4562.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Weber, Max. (1968) 2006. “Bureaucracy.” In The Anthropology of the State: A Reader, ed. Aradhana Sharma and Akhil Gupta, 4970. Oxford: Blackwell.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

Metrics

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 456 255 7
Full Text Views 42 4 0
PDF Downloads 60 11 0