Moral Thresholds of Outrage

The March for Hrant Dink and New Ways of Mobilization in Turkey

in Conflict and Society
Author:
Lorenzo D’Orsi Stockholm University Institute of Turkish Studies lorenzo.dorsi1985@gmail.com

Search for other papers by Lorenzo D’Orsi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

Abstract

This article analyses the social construction of moral outrage, interpreting it as both an extemporaneous feeling and an enduring process, objectified in narratives and rituals and permeating public spaces as well as the intimate sphere of social actors’ lives. Based on ethnography carried out in Istanbul, this contribution focuses on the assassination of the Turkish Armenian journalist Hrant Dink in 2007. This provoked a moral shock and led to an annual commemoration in which thousands of people—distant in political, religious, ethnic positions—gather around a shared feeling of outrage. The article retraces the narratives of innocence and the moral frames that make Dink’s public figure different from other victims of state violence, thus enabling a moral and emotional identification of a large audience. Outrage over Dink’s murder has become a creative, mobilizing force that fosters new relationships between national history and subjectivity, and de-reifies essentialized social boundaries and identity claims.

Contributor Notes

LORENZO D’ORSI completed his PhD in cultural anthropology at the University of Milano-Bicocca and is currently Postdoctoral Visiting Researcher at Stockholm University Institute of Turkish Studies (SUITS). He works on the social construction of collective trauma, new social movements, and the intergenerational memory transmission of political violence. He has conducted fieldwork in Turkey, Uruguay, and Italy. He is author of articles in Italian, English, and Spanish and is the winner of the 2017 SIEF Young Scholar Prize for his article “Trauma and the Politics of Memory of the Uruguayan Dictatorship,” published in Latin American Perspectives (2015) and the 2017 Auschwitz Foundation Prize for his PhD research in Turkey. Email: lorenzo.dorsi1985@gmail.com

  • Collapse
  • Expand

Conflict and Society

Advances in Research

  • Abu-Lughod, Lila, and Catherine Lutz, eds. 1990. Language and the Politics of Emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Ahiska, Meltem. 2007. “A Deep Fissure Is Revealed after Hrant Dink’s Assassination.” New Perspectives on Turkey 36: 155164.

  • Ahiska, Meltem. 2010. Occidentalism in Turkey: Questions of Modernity and National Identity in Turkish Radio Broadcasting. London: I. B. Tauris.

  • Akçam, Taner. 2004. From Empire to Republic: Turkish Nationalism and the Armenian Genocide. London: Zed Books.

  • Akçam, Taner. 2012. Young Turks Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Alexander, Jeffrey. 2003. The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural Sociology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Appadurai, Arjun. 2013. The Future as Cultural Fact: Essays on the Global Tradition. New York: Verso.

  • Bakiner, Onur. 2013. “Is Turkey Coming to Terms with Its Past?Nationalities Papers 41 (5): 691708.

  • Barth, Fredrik. 1969. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Oslo: Oslo University.

  • Barth, Fredrik. 2000. “Boundaries and Connections.” In Signifying Identities: Anthropological Perspectives on Boundaries and Contested Value, ed. Anthony Cohen, 1736. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Baumann, Gerd. 1999. The Multiculturalism Riddle: Rethinking National, Ethnic, and Religious Identities. London: Routledge.

  • Bloxham, Donald. 2006. “The Roots of American Genocide Denial.Journal of Genocide Research 8 (1): 2749.

  • Bozarslan, Hamit. 2008. Une histoire de la violence au Moyen-Orient [A history of violence in the Middle East]. Paris: La Découverte.

  • Bozarslan, Hamit. 2013. Histoire de la Turquie: De l’empire à nos jours [History of Turkey: From the empire to the present day]. Paris: Taillandier.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bozdoğan, Sibel, and Reşat Kasaba, eds. 1997. Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cappelletto, Francesca. 2003. “Long-Term Memory of Extreme Events: From Autobiography to History.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 9 (2): 241260.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Casier, Marlies, and Joost Jongerden, eds. 2011. Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue. New York: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Çetin, Fethiye. 2008. My Grandmother: A Memoir. Trans. Ureen Freely. Brooklyn, NY: Verso.

  • Connerton, Paul. 1989. How Societies Remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • D’Orsi, Lorenzo. 2015. “Crossing Boundaries and Reinventing Futures: An Ethnography of Practices of Dissent in Gezi Park.” In Another Brick in the Wall: Gezi Resistance and Its Aftermath, ed. Güneş Koç and Harun Aksu, 1633. Vienna: Verlag für Sozialforschung.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D’Orsi, Lorenzo. 2016. “Forme del ricordo e pratiche di futuro: Continuità e fratture generazionali tra memorie dei movimenti rivoluzionari e nuove proteste globali a Istanbul” [Forms of remembrance and practices of the future: Generational dis/continuity between memories of revolutionary movements and new global protests in Istanbul]. PhD diss. University of Milano Bicocca.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Demirhisar, Deniz G. 2014. “Emotions, Memory and New Cultural Movements in Turkey.” In Reimagining Social Movements: From Collectives to Individuals, ed. Antimo Farro and Lustiger-Thaler, 95106. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ekmekçioğlu, Lerna. 2016. Recovering Armenia: The Limits of Belonging in Post-genocide Turkey. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

  • Fabietti, Ugo. 1995. L’identità etnica: Storia e critica di un concetto equivoco [Ethnic identity: History and critique of an equivocal concept]. Roma: Carocci.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fassin, Didier. 2005. “L’ordre moral du monde” [The moral order of the world]. In Les constructions de l’intolérable: Études danthropologie et d’histoire sur les frontières de l’espace moral [Constructions of the intolerable: Anthropology and history studies on the boundaries of the moral space], ed. Patrice Bourdelais and Didier Fassin, 1750. Paris: La Découverte.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fassin, Didier. 2012. Humanitarian Reason: A Moral History of the Present. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  • Goodenough, Ward. 1997. “Moral Outrage: Territoriality in Human Guise.” Zygon 32 (1): 527.

  • Göçek, Fatma M. 2006a. “Defining the Parameters of a Post-nationalist Turkish Historiography the Case of the Anatolian Armenians.” In Turkey beyond Nationalism: Towards Post-Nationalist Identities, ed. Hans-Lukas Kieser, 86103. London: I. B. Tauris.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Göçek, Fatma M. 2006b. “Reading Genocide: Turkish Historiography on the Armenian Deportations and Massacres of 1915.” In Middle East Historiographies: Narrating the Twentieth Century, ed. Israel Gershoni, Amy Singer, and Y. Hakan Erdem, 101127. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Göle, Nilüfer. 2011. Islam in Europe: The Lure of Fundamentalism and the Allure of Cosmopolitanism. Wiener: Markus.

  • Gül Kaya, Duygu. 2015. “Coming to Terms with the Past: Rewriting History through a Therapeutic Public Discourse in Turkey.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 47 (4): 681700.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gültekin, Uygar, and Gözde Kazaz. 2017. “10 Years of the Dink Murder Case.” Agos, 18 January.

  • Halbwachs, Maurice. 1950. La mémoire collective [The collective memory]. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.

  • Jackson, Michael. 1996. ”Introduction: Phenomenology, Radical Empiricism, and Anthropological Critique.” In Things as They Are: New Directions in Phenomenological Anthropology, ed. Michael Jackson, 149. Bloomington: Indiana University.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jasper, James. 1997. The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography, and Creativity in Social Movements. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jasper, James. 1998. “The Emotions of Protest: Affective and Reactive Emotions in and around Social Movements.” Sociological Forum 13 (3): 397424.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kandiyoti, Deniz, and Ayşe Saktanber, eds. 2002. Fragments of Culture: The Everyday of Modern Turkey. London: I. B. Tauris.

  • Kechriotis, Vangelis. 2011. “From Oblivion to Obsession: The Uses of History in Recent Public Debates in Turkey.” Historein 11: 99124.

  • Kévorkian, Raymond. 2011. The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History. London: I. B. Tauris.

  • Leach, Edmund. 1976. Culture and Communication: The Logic by Which Symbols Are Connected—An Introduction to the Use of Structuralist Analysis in Social Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lutz, Catherine. 1986. “Emotion, Thought, and Estrangement.” Cultural Anthropology 1 (3): 287309.

  • Lüküslü, Demet. 2013. “Necessary Conformism: An Art of Living for Young People in Turkey.” New Perspective on Turkey 43: 79100.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lüküslü, Demet, and Hakan Yücel, eds. 2013. Gençlik Halleri [Youth status]. Istanbul: Efil.

  • Margry, Peter Jan. 2011. “The Silent March: A Ritual of Healing and Protest for an Afflicted Society.” In Sacred Places in Modern Western Culture, ed. Post Paul, Arie Molendijk, and Justin Kroesen, 235240. Leuven-Walpole: Peeters.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Matossian, Nouritza. 2007. “Let’s Talk about the Living: An Interview with Hrant Dink.” Index of Censorship 36 (2): 3242.

  • Mazzarella, William. 2017. “Sense Out of Sense: Notes on the Affect/Ethics Impasse.” Cultural Anthropology 32 (2): 199208.

  • Moore, Henrietta. 2007. The Subject of Anthropology: Gender, Symbolism and Psychoanalysis. Cambridge: Polity.

  • Navaro-Yashin, Yael. 2002. Faces of the State: Secularism and Public Life in Turkey. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

  • Navaro-Yashin, Yael. 2012. “Chronicles of a Death Foretold: Public Affect in Turkey after the Assassination of an Armenian Journalist.” Franz Boas Memorial Lecture, Columbia University, 12 September.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Neyzi, Leyla. 2001. “Object or Subject? The Paradox of ‘Youth’ in Turkey.” International Journal Middle East Studies 33 (3): 411432.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Neyzi, Leyla. 2002. “Remembering to Forget: Sabbateanism, National Identity, and Subjectivity in Turkey.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 44 (1): 137158.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Neyzi, Leyla. 2010. “Oral History and Memory Studies in Turkey.” In Turkey’s Engagement with Modernity: Conflict and Change in the Twentieth Century. ed. Kerslake Celia, Kerem Öktem, and Philip Robins, 443459. London: Palgrave.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ortner, Sherry. 2006. Anthropology and Social Theory: Culture, Power, and the Acting Subject. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

  • Özgül, Ceren. 2014. “Legally Armenian: Tolerance, Conversion, and Name Change in Turkish Courts.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 56 (3): 622649.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Özkirimli, Umut, ed. 2014. The Making of a Protest Movement in Turkey: #occupygezi. London: Palgrave.

  • Özyürek, Esra. 2007. The Politics of Public Memory in Turkey. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.

  • Robben, Antonious, and Marcelo Suárez-Orozco. 2000. “Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Violence and Trauma.” In Cultures Under Siege: Collective Violence and Trauma, ed. Robben Antonious and Marcelo Suárez-Orozco, 141. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rosaldo, Michelle. 1984. “Toward an Anthropology of Self and Feeling.” In Culture Theory: Essays on Mind, Self and Emotion, ed. Shweder Richard and Robert Le Vine, 136156. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rosati, Massimo. 2015. The Making of a Postsecular Society: A Durkheimian Approach to Memory, Pluralism and Religion in Turkey. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Scheer, Monique. 2012. “Are Emotions a Kind of Practice (and Is That What Makes Them Have a History)? A Bourdieuian Approach to Understanding Emotion.” History and Theory 51 (2): 193220.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Silverman, Kaya. 1996. The Threshold of the Visible World. New York: Routledge.

  • Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo. 1990. “Speaking of the Unspeakable.” Ethos 18 (3): 253283.

  • Suciyan, Talin. 2016. The Armenians in Modern Turkey: Post-genocide Society, Politics and History. London: I. B. Tauris.

  • Suny, Ronald. 2015. They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else: A History of the Armenian Genocide. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Türkmen-Dervişoğlu, Gülay. 2013. “Coming to Terms with a Difficult Past: The Trauma of the Assassination of Hrant Dink and Its Repercussions on Turkish National Identity.” Nations and Nationalism 19 (4): 674692.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • von Bieberstein, Alice. 2017a. “Surviving Hrant Dink: Carnal Mourning under the Specter of Senselessness.” Social Analysis 61 (1): 5568.

  • von Bieberstein, Alice. 2017b. “Surrogate Apologies, Sublated Differences: Contemporary Visions of Post-national Futures in Turkey under the Spectre of the Left.” In The Politics of Culture in Turkey, Greece and Cyprus: Performing the Left since the Sixties, ed. Karakatsanis Leonidas and Nikolaos Papadogiannis, 5674. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Whitehead, Neil L. 2006. “Afterword: The Taste of Death.” In Terror and Violence: Imagination and the Unimaginable, ed. Andrew Strathern, Pamela Stewart, and Neil Whitehead. 231238. London: Pluto Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zigon, Jarrett. 2007. “Moral Breakdown and the Ethical Demand. A Theoretical Framework for an Anthropology of Moralities.” Anthropological Theory 7 (2): 131150.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

Metrics

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 909 472 74
Full Text Views 41 1 0
PDF Downloads 56 9 0