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Socialisms in the Tsarist Borderlands
Poland and Finland in a Contrastive Comparison, 1830—1907
in Contributions to the History of Concepts
Author:
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Wiktor Marzec
Wiktor Marzec
Central European University in Budapest wiktormarzec@gmail.com
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Risto Turunen
Risto Turunen
University of Tampere risto.turunen@uta.fi
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Abstract
This article presents a conceptual history of socialism in two Western borderlands of the Russian Empire—namely, the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Finland. A contrastive comparison is used to examine the birth, dissemination, and breakthrough of the concept from its first appearance until the Revolution of 1905. The concept entered Polish political conversation as a self-applied label among émigrés in the 1830s, whereas the opponents of socialism made it famous in Finland in the 1840s in Swedish and in the 1860s in Finnish. When socialism became a mass movement at the turn of the century, socialist parties (re)defined the concept through underground leaflets and brochures in Poland, and through a legal labor press in Finland. In both cases, the Revolution of 1905 meant the final democratization of socialism, attaching more meanings to the concept and making it the most discussed ism of modern politics.
Contributor Notes
Wiktor Marzec holds a PhD in sociology and social anthropology from Central European University in Budapest. He is currently an in-residence fellow at the Centre for Advanced Study Sofia, and from September 2018, he will be a postdoctoral fellow at the National Research University Higher School of Economics. Email: wiktormarzec@gmail.com
Risto Turunen is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Tampere. Email: risto.turunen@uta.fi