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In 1996 Alice Walker published The Same River Twice: Honoring the Difficult, a memoir which describes her experiences leading up to the release in 1985 of Steven Spielberg's film version of The Color Purple, and her reactions to the criticism engendered by the film. This text is significant as a further development of the 'Walker and Purple' controversy which began with the 1982 publication of Walker's Pulitzer Prize winning novel. Walker's achievement of the canonisation and popularisation of The Color Purple earned her the role as a spokeswoman for African Americans and disenfranchised writers.