For almost a century there was a lack of adequate reflection in French sociology on analysis of the nation. The explanation of this delay may lie in the foundations of the discipline itself. But in a major contribution, Marcel Mauss pointed the way to a sociology of the nation. For him, the development of the nation as an object of a new reflection depended on the insights of a multidisciplinary and comparative approach. But sociology had a pivotal role in this approach, helping to grasp the specificity of its object, and holding the key to its analysis, especially through the concept of integration. The slowness to utilize this text shows the difficulty in French sociological thought of working with a link between the social and the political.