Fighting Invasive Infrastructures

Indigenous Relations against Pipelines

in Environment and Society
Author:
Anne Spice CUNY aspice@gradcenter.cuny.edu

Search for other papers by Anne Spice in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

ABSTRACT

In the settler colonial context of so-called Canada, oil and gas projects are contemporary infrastructures of invasion. This article tracks how the state discourse of “critical infrastructure” naturalizes the environmental destruction wrought by the oil and gas industry while criminalizing Indigenous resistance. I review anthropological work to analyze the applicability of the concept of infrastructure to Indigenous struggles against resource extraction. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Indigenous land defense movements against pipeline construction, I argue for an alternative approach to infrastructure that strengthens and supports the networks of human and other-than-human relations that continue to make survival possible for Indigenous peoples.

Contributor Notes

ANNE SPICE is a Tlingit member of Kwanlin Dun First Nation. She has earned degrees in anthropology at the University of Lethbridge and Dalhousie University. She is researching ways to build networks of solidarity between Indigenous movements against settler colonization and land expropriation and is especially attentive to the spaces opened by and for queer, trans, nonbinary, and Two-Spirit people as a part of their work for decolonization. She teaches and studies in Lenapehoking (so-called New York City) as a doctoral candidate in anthropology at the Graduate Center, CUNY. Email: aspice@gradcenter.cuny.edu

  • Collapse
  • Expand

Environment and Society

Advances in Research

  • Apter, Andrew. 2005. The Pan-African Nation: Oil and the Spectacle of Culture in Nigeria. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  • Arvin, Maile, Eve Tuck, and Angie Morrill. 2013. “Decolonizing Feminism: Challenging Connections between Settler Colonialism and Heteropatriarchy”. Feminist Formations 25 (1): 834. https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2013.0006.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Barker, Joanne. 2006. Sovereignty Matters: Locations of Contestation and Possibility in Indigenous Struggles for Self-Determination. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Barker, Joanne. 2017. “Introduction”. in Critically Sovereign, ed. Joanne Barker, 144. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

  • Bear, Laura. 2007. Lines of the Nation: Indian Railway Workers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self. New York: Columbia University Press.

  • Berke, Jeremy. 2017. “No Country Would Find 173 billion Barrels of Oil in the Ground and Just Leave Them’: Justin Trudeau Gets a Standing Ovation at an Energy Conference in Texas”. Business Insider, 10 March. http://www.businessinsider.com/trudeau-gets-a-standing-ovation-at-energy-industry-conference-oil-gas-2017-3.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Byrd, Jodi. 2011. The Transit of Empire: Indigenous Critiques of Colonialism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

  • Collier, Stephen, and Andrew Lakoff. 2008. “The Vulnerability of Vital Systems: How ‘Critical Infrastructure’ Became a Security Problem”. In The Politics of Securing the Homeland: Critical Infrastructure, Risk and Securitisation, ed. Myriam Dunn and Kristian Soby Kristensen, 4062. New York: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Coronil, Fernando. 1997. The Magical State: Nature, Money and Modernity in Venezuela. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

  • Coulthard, Glen. 2014. Red Skin White Masks: Rejecting the Colonial Politics of Recognition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cowen, Deborah. 2017. “Infrastructures of Empire and Resistance”. Verso blog, 25 January. https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/3067-infrastructures-of-empire-and-resistance.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Day, Iyko. 2016. Alien Capital: Asian Racialization and the Logic of Settler Colonial Capitalism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

  • Dhillon, Jaskiran. 2015. “Indigenous Girls and the Violence of Settler Colonial Policing”. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education, and Society 4 (2): 131.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne. 2014. An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States. Boston: Beacon Hill Press.

  • Ferguson James. 2005. “Seeing Like an Oil Company: Space, Security, and Global Capital in Neoliberal Africa”. American Anthropologist 107 (3): 377382.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ferry, Elizabeth, and Mandana Limbert. 2008. “Introduction”. In Timely Assets: The Politics of Resources and Their Temporalities, ed. Elizabeth Ferry and Mandana Limbert, 324. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gibson, Ginger, Kathleen Yung, Libby Chisholm, and Hannah Quinn, with Lake Babine Nation and Nak’azdli Whut’en. 2017. Indigenous Communities and Industrial Camps: Promoting Healthy Communities in Settings of Industrial Change. Victoria, BC: Firelight Group.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gilmore, Ruth Wilson. 2017. “Abolition Geography and the Problem of Innocence”. In Futures of Black Radicalism, ed. Gaye Theresa Johnson and Alex Lubin, digital edition. London: Verso.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gledhill, John. 2008. “‘The People’s Oil’: Nationalism, Globalization, and the Possibility of Another Country in Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela”. Focaal—Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology 52: 5774.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Goeman, Mishuana. 2013. Mark My Words: Native Women Mapping Our Nations. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

  • Gupta, Akhil. 2015. “The Infrastructure Toolbox: Suspension”. Cultural Anthropology, 24 September. https://culanth.org/fieldsights/722-suspension.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hall, Lisa Kahaleole. 2009. “Navigating Our Own ‘Sea of Islands’: Remapping a Theoretical Space for Hawaiian Women and Indigenous Feminism”. Wicazo Sa Review 24 (2): 1538. https://doi.org/10.1353/wic.0.0038.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Harvey, Penny and Hannah Knox. 2015. Roads: An Anthropology of Infrastructure and Expertise. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

  • House of Commons of Canada. 2015. Bill C-51, Anti-Terrorism Act, 2nd sess., 41st Parliament. http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&DocId=7965854.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jensen, Toni. 2017. “Women in the Fracklands: On Water, Land, Bodies, and Standing Rock”. Catapult, 3 January. https://catapult.co/stories/women-in-the-fracklands-on-water-land-bodies-and-standing-rock.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Karak, Madhuri. 2016. “Choosing Paths, Not Roads”. Engagement, 24 May. https://aesengagement.wordpress.com/2016/05/24/choosing-paths-not-roads.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kino-nda-niimi Collective. 2014. The Winter We Danced: Voices from the Past, the Future, and the Idle No More Movement. Winnipeg: ARP Books.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Larkin, Brian. 2008. Signal and Noise: Media, Infrastructure, and Urban Culture in Nigeria. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

  • Larkin, Brian. 2013. “The Politics and Poetics of Infrastructure”. Annual Review of Anthropology 42: 327343. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092412-155522.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lea, Tess, and Paul Pholeros. 2010. “This Is Not a Pipe: The Treacheries of Indigenous Housing”. Public Culture 22 (1): 187209. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-2009-021.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • LOP (Library of Parliament). 2013. “Speech from the Throne to Open the Second Session Forty First Parliament of Canada.” 16 October. https://lop.parl.ca/ParlInfo/Documents/ThroneSpeech/41-2-e.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mazer, Katie. 2017. Mapping a Many Headed Hydra: The Struggle Over the Dakota Access Pipeline. Infrastructure Otherwise Report no. 001. http://infrastructureotherwise.org/DAPL_Report_20170921_FINAL.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mitchell, Timothy. 2011. Carbon Democracy: Political Power in the Age of Oil. New York: Verso.

  • Montoya, Teresa. 2016. “Violence on the Ground, Violence below the Ground”. Cultural Anthropology, 22 December. https://culanth.org/fieldsights/1018-violence-on-the-ground-violence-below-the-ground.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moreton-Robinson, Aileen. 2015. The White Possessive: Property, Power and Indigenous Sovereignty. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moten, Fred, and Stefano Harney. 2013. The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study. New York: Minor Compositions.

  • Mrazek, Rudolf. 2002. Engineers of Happy Land: Technology and Nationalism in a Colony. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

  • Murphy, Michelle. 2017. The Economization of Life. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

  • Pasternak, Shiri. 2014. “Jurisdiction and Settler Colonialism: Where Laws Meet”. Canadian Journal of Law and Society 29 (2): 145161. https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2014.5.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pasternak, Shiri, and Tia Dafnos. 2017. “How Does the Settler State Secure the Circuitry of Capital?Environment and Planning D: Society and Space. First published 7 June. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775817713209.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • PMO (Office of the Prime Minister). 2016. “Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada on National Aboriginal Day.” 21 June. https://pm.gc.ca/eng/news/2016/06/21/statement-prime-minister-canada-national-aboriginal-day.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • PSC (Public Safety Canada). 2009. National Strategy for Critical Infrastructure. Ottawa: Government of Canada.

  • PSC (Public Safety Canada). 2018. “Critical Infrastructure”. Modified 22 May. https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/crtcl-nfrstrctr/index-en.aspx.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Police). 2014. Criminal Threats to the Canadian Petroleum Industry. Critical Infrastructure Intelligence Assessment. Ottawa: RCMP.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rogers, Douglas. 2015. “Oil and Anthropology”. Annual Review of Anthropology 44: 365380. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-014136.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Simone, AbdouMaliq. 2004. “People as Infrastructure: Intersecting Fragments in Johannesburg”. Public Culture 16 (3): 407429.

  • Simmons, Kristen. 2017. “Settler Atmospherics”. Cultural Anthropology, 20 November. https://culanth.org/fieldsights/1221-settler-atmospherics.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Simpson, Audra. 2014. Mohawk Interruptus: Political Life across the Borders of Settler States. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

  • Simpson, Audra. 2016. “The State Is a Man: Theresa Spence, Loretta Saunders and the Gender of Settler Sovereignty”. Theory and Event 19 (4).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake. 2017. As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom through Radical Resistance. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Spice, Anne. 2016. “Interrupting Industrial and Academic Extraction on Native Land”. Cultural Anthropology, 22 December 22, 2016. https://culanth.org/fieldsights/1021-interrupting-industrial-and-academic-extraction-on-native-land.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Star, Susan Leigh. 1999. “The Ethnography of Infrastructure”. American Behavioral Scientist 43 (3): 377391. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027649921955326.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • TallBear, Kim. 2016. “Badass (Indigenous) Women Caretake Relations: #NoDAPL, #IdleNoMore, #BlackLivesMatter”. Cultural Anthropology, 22 December. https://culanth.org/fieldsights/1019-badass-indigenous-women-caretake-relations-nodapl-idlenomore-blacklivesmatter.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tasker, John Paul. 2016. “Trudeau Cabinet Approves Trans Mountain, Line 3 Pipelines, Rejects Northern Gateway”. CBC News, 29 November. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-cabinet-trudeau-pipeline-decisions-1.3872828.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • TransCanada Corporation. 2018. “Economic Benefits”. Coastal GasLink Pipeline Project, accessed 18 June. http://www.coastalgaslink.com/benefits/economic-benefits.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2008. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. : Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vimalassery, Manu. 2014. “The Prose of Counter-Sovereignty”. In Formations of United States Colonialism, ed. Alyosha Goldstein, 87109. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Voyles, Traci. 2015. Wastelanding: Legacies of Uranium Mining in Navajo Country. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

  • Watts, Michael. “Securing Oil: Frontiers, Risk, and Spaces of Accumulated Insecurity”. In Subterranean Estates: Life Worlds of Oil and Gas, ed. Hannah Appel, Arthur Mason, and Michael Watts, 211236. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • WHOPS (White House Office of the Press Secretary). 2013. Presidential Policy Directive: Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience. 12 February. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/02/12/presidential-policy-directive-critical-infrastructure-security-and-resil.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wilt, James. 2017. “How the Spectre of Oil Trains Is Deceptively Used to Push Pipelines”. The Narwhal, 6 January. https://thenarwhal.ca/how-spectre-oil-trains-deceptively-used-push-pipelines.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wolfe, Patrick. 2006. “Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native”. Journal of Genocide Research 8 (4): 387409. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623520601056240.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • WEA (Women’s Earth Alliance) and NYSHN (Native Youth Sexual Health Network). 2016. Violence on the Land, Violence on Our Bodies: Building an Indigenous Response to Environmental Violence. http://landbodydefense.org/uploads/files/VLVBReportToolkit2016.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

Metrics

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 7047 2376 409
Full Text Views 1184 184 10
PDF Downloads 1343 269 18