Governing the Sun

The Challenges of Geoengineering

in The International Journal of Social Quality
Author:
Klaus RadunskyUniversity of Vienna kradunsky@hotmail.com

Search for other papers by Klaus Radunsky in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMedClose
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-1046
and
Tim CadmanGriffith University t.cadman@griffith.edu.au

Search for other papers by Tim Cadman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMedClose
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9531-5018
View More View Less
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3167/IJSQ.2019.090203
Keywords:
carbon dioxide removal; climate change; geoengineering; governance; solar radiation management
Restricted access
USD  $22.00
Click here to view the full Terms and Conditions

All currencies in US Dollar

PayPal Logo

Abstract

Governments have previously sought to reduce climate-change-inducing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere through mitigation and adaptation activities, with limited success. New approaches are being explored, such as negative emissions technologies, including carbon dioxide removal, as well as solar geoengineering, also known as solar radiation management, or modification. This article outlines these emerging technologies focusing on bioenergy, carbon capture and storage, and stratospheric aerosol injection, and explores some of the challenges they pose. Prevention of emissions and their reliable, safe, and environmentally benign removal remain the best options. Robust governance systems and a careful, unbiased, and knowledge-driven assessment of the risks of these emerging technologies are required before they are implemented any further.

Contributor Notes

Klaus Radunsky received his PhD in Analytical Chemistry and Physics from the University of Vienna. He helped establish the Austrian Background Air Quality Monitoring Network in 1975, moving to the Environment Agency in 1985, where he remained until 2014. He has been the Austrian representative in a range of UNFCCC-related bodies and has had a long-term involvement in the country's greenhouse gas and national emission inventories. He is currently chair of the “mirror committee” at Austrian Standards (ASI) to the International Organization for Standardization's working group on greenhouse gas monitoring and management (ISO/TC 207/SC 7). ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-1046. Email: KRadunsky@hotmail.com

Tim Cadman is a graduate of Girton College at the University of Cambridge, and a Research Fellow in the Institute for Ethics, Governance and Law at Griffith University. His research focuses on the governance of sustainable development, including forest management, climate change, finance, and institutional mapping (https://climateregimemap.net). His climate-related books include Climate Change and Global Policy Regimes: Towards Institutional Legitimacy (2013) and Governing the Climate Change Regime: Institutional Integrity and Integrity Systems (2016). ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9531-5018. Email: t.cadman@griffith.edu.au

  • Collapse
  • Expand

The International Journal of Social Quality

(formerly The European Journal of Social Quality)

Cover The International Journal of Social Quality
Article Category:
Research Article
Page Count:
16
Keywords:
carbon dioxide removal; climate change; geoengineering; governance; solar radiation management
Print Publication Date:
01 Dec 2019
Online Publication Date:
01 Dec 2019
Copyright:
© Berghahn Books 2019

  • Bäckstrand, K., and E. Lövbrand 2007. “Climate Governance beyond 2012: Competing Discourses of Green Governmentality, Ecological Modernization and Civic Environmentalism.” In The Social Construction of Climate Change: Power, Knowledge, Norms, Discourses, ed. M. E. Pettenger, 123–147. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bengtsson, L. 2006. “Geo-engineering to Confine Climate Change: Is It at All Feasible?” Climatic Change 77 (3–4): 229.

  • Berringer, A. C. 2013. “Migration and Climate Change: Global Governance Regimes and the Incorporation of Climate Change Displacement.” In Cadman 2013: 202–216.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bird, K. 2019. “New Draft Standard Will Help Quantify Climate Impacts of an Expanded Group of Emissions.” ISO, 30 August. https://www.iso.org/news/ref2425.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Boettcher, M. 2019. “Cracking the Code: How Discursive Structures Shape Climate Engineering Research Governance.” Environmental Politics, 2 October.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Booth, M. S. 2018. “Not Carbon Neutral: Assessing the Net Emissions Impact of Residues Burned for Bioenergy.” Environmental Research Letters 13 (3): 035001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaac88.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Breakey, V. Popovski, and R. Maguire, eds. 2015. Ethical Values and the Integrity of the Climate Change Regime. Farnham: Ashgate.

  • Breakey, H., T. Cadman, and C. Sampford. 2017. “Governance Values and Institutional Integrity.” In Cadman et al. 2016: 16–44.

  • Budyko, M. I. 1977. Climatic Changes. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.

  • Burns, L., D. Keith, P. Irvine, and J. Horton. 2019. “Technology Factsheet: Solar Geoengineering.” Ed. B. Belei. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and Center for Resarch on Computation and Society, Harvard University.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Cadman, T. 2011. Quality and Legitimacy of Global Governance: Case Lessons from Forestry. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

  • Cadman, T., ed. 2013. Climate Change and Global Policy Regimes: Towards Institutional Legitimacy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

  • Cadman, T., R. Maguire, and C. Sampford. 2016. Governing the Climate Change Regime: Institutional Integrity and Integrity Systems. London: Taylor & Francis.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Cadman, T., K. Radunsky, A. Simonelli, and T. Maraseni. 2018. “From Paris to Poland: A Postmortem of the Climate Change Negotiations.” International Journal of Social Quality, 8 (2): 27–46.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Carrington, D. 2017. “Record-Breaking Climate Change Pushes World into ‘Uncharted Territory.’” The Guardian, 20 March.

  • CCEIA (Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs). 2016. “Janos Pasztor Appointed Senior Fellow and Director of New Carnegie Climate Geoengineering Governance Project.” 7 July. https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/news/announcements/411.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Cockfield, G. 2013. “Governing Adaptation Policies and Programmes.” In Cadman 2013: 61–78.

  • COWI and CEPS. 2019a. “Competitiveness of Renewable Heating and Cooling Industry and Services: Annex B to Part 1 of the Study on the Competitiveness of the Renewable Energy Sector—Overview of the 2030 Targets and Policies of the EU Member States in the Context of Heating and Cooling.” ENER/C2/2016-501. Luxembourg: Publications of the European Union.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • COWI and CEPS. 2019b. “Competitiveness of the Heating and Cooling Industry and Services: Part 2 of the Study on the Competitiveness of the Renewable Energy Sector—Final Report.” ENER/C2/2016-501. Luxembourg: Publications of the European Union.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Crutzen, P. J. 2006. “Albedo Enhancement by Stratospheric Sulfur Injections: A Contribution to Resolve a Policy Dilemma?” Climatic Change 77 (3–4), 211.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Díaz, S., J. Settele, E. Brondízio, H. Ngo, M. Guèze, J. Agard, A. Arneth et al. 2019. “Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.” IPBES/7/10/Add.1. UN, 29 May.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Doherty, B. 2019. “Australia Fires Could Be Out of Control for Months, Says Fire Chief.” The Guardian, 12 November.

  • Drax. 2020. “Our History.” Accessed 24 January. https://www.drax.com/about-us/our-history.

  • Ernsting, A., and O. Munnion. 2015. “Last-Ditch Climate Option, or Wishful Thinking: Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage—A Report by Biofuelwatch.” November.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Evershed, N., and A. Ball. 2019. “How Big Are the Fires Burning on the East Coast of Australia? Interactive Map.” The Guardian, 7 December.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Fajardy, M., S. Chiquier, and N. Mac Dowell. 2018. “Investigating the BECCS Resource Nexus: Delivering Sustainable Negative Emissions.” Energy & Environmental Science 11: 3408–3430. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE01676C.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • FCEA (Forum for Climate Engineering Assessment). 2020. “Who We Are.” Accessed 24 January. http://ceassessment.org/who-we-are.

  • Gale, F. 2013. “A Cooling Climate for Negotiations: Intergovernmentalism and Its Limits.” In Cadman 2013: 32–47.

  • Galey, P. 2019. “Industry Guidance Touts Untested Tech as Climate Fix.” Phys.org, 23 August. https://phys.org/news/2019-08-industry-guidance-touts-untested-tech.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gamborg, C., H. T. Anker, and P. Sandøe. 2014. “Ethical and Legal Challenges in Bioenergy Governance: Coping with Value Disagreement and Regulatory Complexity.” Energy Policy 69: 326–333.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • García, J. H., and A. Torvanger. 2019. “Carbon Leakage from Geological Storage Sites: Implications for Carbon Trading.” Energy Policy 127: 320–329.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Geden, O., V. Scott, and J. Palmer. 2018. “Integrating Carbon Dioxide Removal into EU Climate Policy: Prospects for a Paradigm Shift.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 9 (4): e521. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.521.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gow, J. 2013. “Challenges for Global Health Governance in Responding to the Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health.” In Cadman 2013: 125–137.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Goyal, Y. 2015. “Ethics and Governance in Climate Change Debate: The Need for an Institutional Shift from Nation-States to Individuals.” In Breakey et al. 2015: 119–130.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Groom, N. 2019. “California Utility Sees Decade of Power Cuts to Avoid Wildfires.” Reuters, 18 October. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pg-e-fires/california-utility-sees-decade-of-power-cuts-to-avoid-wildfires-idUSKBN1WY00L.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gupta, A., and I. Möller. 2019. “De Facto Governance: How Authoritative Assessments Construct Climate Engineering as an Object of Governance.” Environmental Politics 28 (3): 480–501.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hale, B. 2012. “The World That Would Have Been: Moral Hazard Arguments against Geoengineering.” Engineering the Climate: The Ethics of Solar Radiation Management, ed. C. J. Preston, 113–132. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Harvey, F. 2019. “UN Climate Talks Failing to Address Urgency of Crisis, Says Top Scientist.” The Guardian, 8 December.

  • Hays, B. 2018. “UN: World Far from Limiting Global Warming to 2 Degrees Celsius.” UPI, 27 November. https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2018/11/27/UN-World-far-from-limiting-global-warming-to-2-degrees-Celsius/5641543337084.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Heutel, G., J. Moreno-Cruz, and S. Shayegh. 2016. “Climate Tipping Points and Solar Geoengineering.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 132 (Part B): 19–45.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hickman, L. 2016. “Timeline: How BECCS Became Climate Change's ‘Saviour’ Technology.” Carbon Brief, 13 April. https://www.carbonbrief.org/beccs-the-story-of-climate-changes-saviour-technology.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hil, R. 2013. “Climate Change, Population Movements and Governance: Case Studies in Response Mechanisms.” In Cadman 2013: 187–201.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2005. Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Ed. B. Metz, O. Davidson, H. de Coninck, M. Loos, and L. Meyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report—Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: IPCC.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • IPCC. 2018. “Summary for Policymakers.” In Global Warming of 1.5°C: An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C above Pre-industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Irvine, P. J., A. Ridgwell, and D. J. Lunt. 2011. “Climatic Effects of Surface Albedo Geoengineering.” Journal of Geophysical Research 116: D2411. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016281.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Jinnah, S., and S. Nicholson. 2019. “Introduction to the Symposium on ‘Geoengineering: Governing Solar Radiation Management.’” Environmental Politics 28 (3): 385–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2019.1558515.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Jones, C., E. Robertson, V. Arora, P. Friedlingstein, E. Shevliakova, L. Bopp, B. Brovkin et al. 2013. “Twenty-First-Century Compatible CO2 Emissions and Airborne Fraction Simulated by CMIP5 Earth System Models under Four Representative Concentration Pathways.” Journal of Climate 26 (13): 4398–4413. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00554.1

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Keith, H., D. Lindenmayer, A. Macintosh, and B. Mackey. 2015. “Under What circumstances Do Wood Products from Native Forests Benefit Climate Change Mitigation?” PloS One 10 (10): e0139640. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139640.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Leigh Day. 2019. “Legal Challenge to Biomass Rules in Renewable Energy Directive Issued at European Court.” Press release, 4 March. https://www.leighday.co.uk/News/2019/March-2019/Legal-challenge-to-biomass-regulations-issued-at-E.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lindstad, B. H., T. Pistorius, F. Ferranti, G. Dominguez, E. Gorriz-Mifsud, M. Kurttila, V. Leban et al. 2015. “Forest-Based Bioenergy Policies in Five European Countries: An Explorative Study of Interactions with National and EU Policies. Biomass and Bioenergy 80: 102–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.04.033.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mai-Moulin, T., U. Fritsche, and M. Junginger. 2019. “Charting Global Position and Vision of Stakeholders towards Sustainable Bioenergy.” Energy, Sustainability and Society 9: 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-019-0225-0.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • McInnes, C. R. 2010. “Space-Based Geoengineering: Challenges and Requirements.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechnical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechnical Engineering Science 224 (3): 571–580. https://doi.org/10.1243%2F09544062JMES1439

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • McLaren, D. 2012. “A Comparative Global Assessment of Potential Negative Emissions Technologies.” Process Safety and Environmental Protection 90 (6): 489–500.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mitchell, D., R. James, P. M. Forster, R. A. Betts, H. Shiogama, and M. Allen. 2016. “Realizing the Impacts of a 1.5 C Warmer World.” Nature Climate Change 6 (8): 735–737. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3055.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Montague, B. 2018. “Hardwood Forests Cut Down to Feed Drax Power Plant, Channel 4 Dispatches Claims.” Ecologist, 16 April.

  • Muffett, C. 2019. “Geoengineering Is a Dangerous Distraction.” Project Syndicate, 13 February. https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/geoengineering-fossil-fuel-industry-climate-change-by-carroll-muffett-2019-02.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine). 2019. Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • OGP (Oxford Geoengineering Programme). 2018. “Oxford Principles > The Principles.” Accessed 24 January 2020. http://www.geoengineering.ox.ac.uk/www.geoengineering.ox.ac.uk/oxford-principles/principles/index.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Pittock, J. 2013. “Climate Change and Sustainable Water Management.” In Cadman 2013: 138–156.

  • Proctor, J., S. Hsiang, J. Burney, M. Burke, and W. Schlenker. 2018. “Estimating Global Agricultural Effects of Geoengineering Using Volcanic Eruptions.” Nature 560 (7719): 480–483. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0417-3

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Pye, S., F. G. N. Li, J. Price, and B. Fais. 2017. “Achieving Net-Zero Emissions through the Reframing of UK National Targets in the Post–Paris Agreement Era.” Nature Energy 2 (3): 17024. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.24.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Revelle, R., W. Broecker, H. Craig, C. D. Kneeling, and J. Smagorinsky. 1965. Restoring the Quality of Our Environment: Report of the Environmental Pollution Panel [of the] President's Science Advisory Committee. Washington, DC: White House.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Reynolds, J. L. 2019. The Governance of Solar Geoengineering: Managing Climate Change in the Anthropocene. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Rimmer, M. 2016. “Mary Robinson's Declaration of Climate Justice: Climate Change, Human Rights and Fossil Fuel Divestment.” In Breakey et al. 2015: 209–232.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Root, H. T., and M. G. Betts. 2015. “Managing Moist Temperate Forests for Bioenergy and Biodiversity.” Journal of Forestry 114 (1): 66–74.

  • Rose, N. 2013. “Food Security, Food Sovereignty and Global Governance Regimes in the Context of Climate Change and Food Availability.” In Cadman 2013: 157–172.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rosencranz, A., and R. Wadehra. 2018. “Comparing the US and India on Climate Change: How the Tables Turned.” In The Implementation of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, ed. V. Popovski, 232–262. London: Routledge.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rubin, E., L. Meyer, and H. de Coninck. 2005. “Technical Summary.” In IPCC 2005: 17–50.

  • Schroders. 2019. “Keeping Track of Activity: The Climate Progress Dashboard.” Last updated 30 September. https://www.schroders.com/en/lu/professional-investor/featured/climate-change-dashboard/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Searchinger, T. D., S. P. Hamburg, J. Melillo, W. Chameides, P. Havlik, D. M. Kammen, G. E. Likens et al. 2009. “Fixing a Critical Climate Accounting Error.” Science 326 (5952): 527–528. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1178797

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Searchinger, T. D., T. Beringer, B. Holtsmark, D. M. Kammen, E. F. Lambin, W. Lucht, P. Raven et al. 2018. “Europe's Renewable Energy Directive Poised to Harm Global Forests. Nature Communications 9 (1): 3741. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06175-4.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Shepherd, J. G. 2009. Geoengineering The Climate: Science, Governance and Uncertainty. London: Royal Society.

  • Smith, W., and G. Wagner. “Stratospheric Aerosol Injection tactics and Costs in the First 15 Years of Deployment.” Environmental Research Letters 13 (12): 124001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae98d.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, R. B. Alley, T. Berntsen, N. L. Bindoff, A. Chen et al. 2007. “Technical Summary.” In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis—Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by IPCC, 19–92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • STC (Science and Technology Committee). 2010. The Regulation of Geoengineering: Fifth Report of Session 2009–10. House Commons (HC) 221. London: Stationery Office.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Stefanini, S. 2019. “US and Saudi Arabia Block Geoengineering Governance Push.” Climate Change News, 14 March. https://www.climatechangenews.com/2019/03/14/us-saudi-arabia-block-geoengineering-governance-push-un-environment-talks.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Stocker, T. F., D. Qin, G. Plattner, L. Alexander, S. Allen, N. Bindoff, F.-M. Bréon et al. 2013. “Technical Summary.” In Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis—Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by IPCC, 33–115. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Timperley, J. 2019. “Cop25: What Was Achieved and Where To Next?” Climate Changes News, 16 December. https://www.climatechangenews.com/2019/12/16/cop25-achieved-next.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tollefson, J. 2010. “Geoengineering Faces Ban: Moratorium on Schemes to Reduce Global Warming Clashes with Reports Urging More Research.” Nature 468 (7320): 13–15.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Torvanger, A. 2019. “Governance of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): Accounting, Rewarding, and the Paris Agreement.” Climate Policy 19 (3): 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1509044.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). 2018. Emissions Gap Report 2018. Nairobi: UNEP.

  • UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). 2015. “Adoption of the Paris Agreement as Contained in the Report of the Conference of the Parties on its Twenty-First Session.” https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10a01.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Vidal, J. 2012. “Bill Gates Backs Climate Scientists Lobbying for Large-Scale Geoengineering.” The Guardian, 6 February.

  • Wagner, G., and M. L. Weitzman. 2015. Climate Shock: The Economic Consequences of a Hotter Planet. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Metrics

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 805 154 11
Full Text Views 95 2 1
PDF Downloads 74 6 2