The Role of Joint Lists and the New Political Rhetoric in Israel, 2015–2020

in Israel Studies Review
Author:
Osnat Akirav Western Galilee College, Israel osnatak@bezeqint.net

Search for other papers by Osnat Akirav in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

Abstract

In 2014, Israel changed its electoral rules, requiring political parties to obtain at least 3.25 percent of the popular vote to gain a seat in the Knesset. We investigated the role that this change played in the creation of joint lists of several parties in the four ensuing elections, and found that the platforms and statements of joint lists were less ideological than those of their constituent parties. Our argument is that the trend of inter-party alliances characterized by unifying rhetoric is a political innovation in the Israeli context. We suggest that, as a result of such joint parties, Israeli politics—once known to be extremely ideological—has become dominated by non-ideological pragmatism.

Contributor Notes

OSNAT AKIRAV is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Political Science at Western Galilee College. She was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University in 2016. Her research focuses, among other topics, on setting political agendas, candidate selection, gender, and minorities. Her recent publications include “The Lioness from Peki'in” (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2019); “Gender and Parliamentary Activity” (Women's Studies International Forum, 2020); and “Measuring the Formation of a New Government: The Case of the Israeli Parliament 1949–2016” (Journal of Legislative Studies, 2020). E-mail: osnatak@bezeqint.net

  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • Adams, Richard, John Bessant, and Robert Phelps. 2006. “Innovation Management Measurement: A Review.” International Journal of Management Reviews 8 (1): 2147. doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2006.00119.x.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Arian, Asher, and Michal Shamir. 2008. “A Decade Later, the World Had Changed, the Cleavage Structure Remained: Israel 1996–2006.” Party Politics 14 (6): 685705. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068808093406

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bendor, Jonathan, Daniel Diermeier, David A. Siegel, Michael M. Ting. 2011. A Behavioral Theory of Elections. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brusco, Sandro, Marcin Dziubiński, and Jaideep Roy. 2012. “The Hotelling-Downs Model with Runoff Voting.” Games and Economic Behavior 74 (2): 447469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2011.08.004

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ceron, Andrea. 2015. “Brave Rebels Stay Home: Assessing the Effect of Intra-party Ideological Heterogeneity and Party Whip on Roll-Call Votes.” Party Politics 21 (2): 246258. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068812472581

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ceron, Andrea. 2016. “Inter-factional Conflicts and Government Formation: Do Party Leaders Sort Out Ideological Heterogeneity?Party Politics 22 (6): 797808. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068814563974

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cho, Jaeho. 2013. “Campaign Tone, Political Affect, and Communicative Engagement.” Journal of Communication 63 (6): 11301152. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12064

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Christensen, Johan, and Kathia Serrano Velarde. 2019. “The Role of Advisory Bodies in the Emergence of Cross-Cutting Policy Issues: Comparing Innovation Policy in Norway and Germany.” European Politics and Society 20 (1): 4965. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2018.1515864

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Curini, Luigi, and Andrea Ceron. 2013. “Parties’ Influence during Government Policy Negotiations: Parliamentary Dynamics and Spatial Advantages in the First Italian Republic.” Journal of Legislative Studies 19 (4): 429449. https://doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2012.743722

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.

  • Dryzek, John S. 2010. “Rhetoric in Democracy: A Systemic Appreciation.” Political Theory 38 (3): 319339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591709359596

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Duverger, Maurice. 1954. Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State. Trans. Barbara North and Robert North. London: Methuen.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ezrow, Lawrence, Catherine De Vries, Marco Steenbergen, and Erica Edwards. 2011. “Mean Voter Representation and Partisan Constituency Representation: Do Parties Respond to the Mean Voter Position or to Their Supporters?Party Politics 17 (3): 275301. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068810372100

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Freedman, Paul, Michael Franz, and Kenneth Goldstein. 2004. “Campaign Advertising and Democratic Citizenship.” American Journal of Political Science 48 (4): 723741. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00098.x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Guarneros-Meza, Valeria, and Steve Martin. 2016. “Boundary Spanning in Local Public Service Partnerships: Coaches, Advocates or Enforcers?Public Management Review 18 (2): 238257. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2014.969761

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Helboe Pedersen, Helene. 2012. “What Do Parties Want? Policy versus Office.” West European Politics 35 (4): 896910. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2012.682350

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hindmoor, Andrew. 2008. “Policy Innovation and the Dynamics of Party Competition: A Schumpeterian Account of British Electoral Politics, 1950–2005.” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 10 (3): 492508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856x.2008.00322.x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hotelling, Harold. 1929. “Stability in Competition.” Economic Journal 39 (153): 4157. https://doi.org/10.2307/2224214

  • Jacobs, Kristof, and Monique Leyenaar. 2011. “A Conceptual Framework for Major, Minor, and Technical Electoral Reform.” West European Politics 34 (3): 495513. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2011.555977

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kane, John, and Haig Patapan. 2010. “The Artless Art: Leadership and the Limits of Democratic Rhetoric.” Australian Journal of Political Science 45 (3): 371389. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2010.499162

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Katz, Richard S. 2005. “Why Are There So Many (or So Few) Electoral Reforms?” In The Politics of Electoral Systems, ed. Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell, 5776. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Katz, Richard S. and Peter Mair. 1995. “Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party.” Party Politics 1 (1): 528. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068895001001001

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kedar, Mordechai. 2015. “Thus the Common List Became the Paralyzed List.” [In Hebrew.] Mida, 29 April. https://mida.org.il/2015/04/29/%D7%9B%D7%9A-%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9B%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%AA/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • König, Thomas. 2006. “The Scope for Policy Change after the 2005 Election: Veto Players and Intra-party Decision Making.” German Politics 15 (4): 520532. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644000601062741

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Koole, Ruud. 1996. “Cadre, Catch-All or Cartel? A Comment on the Notion of the Cartel Party.” Party Politics 2 (4): 507523. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068896002004004

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Levy, Gilat. 2004. “A Model of Political Parties.” Journal of Economic Theory 115 (2): 250277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0531(03)00254-0

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McLean, Iain. 2009. “In Riker's Footsteps.” British Journal of Political Science 39 (1): 195210. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123408000379.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mitrani, Mor. 2013. “(Re-)telling Societal Beliefs: Changing Narratives in Israel's Political Discourse Regarding Transition to Peace.” International Journal of Conflict Management 24 (3): 245264. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-12-2012-0090

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Osborne, Stephen P. 2013. “A Services-Influenced Approach to Public Service Innovation?” In Handbook of Innovation in Public Services, ed. Stephen P. Osborne and Louise Brown, 6071. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Panebianco, Angelo. 1988. Political Parties: Organization and Power. Trans. Marc Silver. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Poole, Keith T., and Howard Rosenthal. 2000. Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll Call Voting. New York: Oxford University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Proksch, Sven-Oliver, and Jonathan B. Slapin. 2012. “Institutional Foundations of Legislative Speech.” American Journal of Political Science 56 (3): 520537. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00565.x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rahat, Gideon, Shlomit Bernea, Chen Friedberg, and Ofer Kenig, eds. 2013. Reforming Israel's Political System. [In Hebrew.] Jerusalem: Israel Democracy Institute and Am Oved.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Riker, William H. 1962. The Theory of Political Coalitions. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

  • Rose, Richard, and Neil Munro. 2003. Elections and Parties in New European Democracies. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

  • Rosenthal, Maoz. 2014. “Policy Instability in a Comparative Perspective: The Context of Heresthetic.” Political Studies 62 (1): 172196. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12026

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schofield, Norman. 2006. Architects of Political Change: Constitutional Quandaries and Social Choice Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Shenhav, Shaul. 2004. “Once Upon a Time There Was a Nation: Narrative Conceptualization Analysis. The Concept of ‘Nation’ in the Discourse of Israeli Likud Party Leaders.” Discourse & Society 15 (1): 81104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926504038947

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Somer-Topcu, Zeynep. 2009. “Timely Decisions: The Effects of Past National Elections on Party Policy Change.” Journal of Politics 71 (1): 238248. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608090154

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sørensen, Eva. 2017. ”Political Innovations: Innovations in Political Institutions, Processes and Outputs.” Public Management Review 19 (1): 119. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2016.1200661.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Strom, Kaare. 1990. “A Behavioral Theory of Competitive Political Parties.” American Journal of Political Science 34 (2): 565598. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111461

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Troen, Judah. 2019. “The National Electoral Threshold: A Comparative Review Across Countries and Over Time.” Knesset Information and Research Center, Jerusalem. https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/mmm/The%20NationalElectoralThreshold.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Warwick, Paul V.. 2006. Policy Horizons and Parliamentary Government. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

  • Wolinetz, Steven. B.. 2002. “Beyond the Catch-All Party: Approaches to the Study of Parties and Party Organization in Contemporary Democracies.” In Political Parties: Old Concepts and New Challenges, ed. Richard Gunther, José Ramón Montero, and Juan J. Linz, 136165. New York: Oxford University Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wu, Jiannan, Liang Ma, and Yuqian Yang. 2013. “Innovation in the Chinese Public Sector: Typology and Distribution.” Public Administration 91 (2): 347365. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.02010.x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zohlnhöfer, Reimut, and Frank Bandau. 2020. “Policy or Office? The Determinants of Programmatic Change in West European Political Parties.” In The European Social Model under Pressure, ed. Romana Careja, Patrick Emmenegger, and Nathalie Giger, 501518. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

Metrics

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 2101 1187 70
Full Text Views 84 3 0
PDF Downloads 100 5 0