Showing the Penis, Hiding the Phallus, a Cinematic Rupture with the Mythic Representation of Male Nudity

in Journal of Bodies, Sexualities, and Masculinities
Author:
Hanieh Bakhtiari Independent Researcher hanieh.bakhtiari1990@gmail.com

Search for other papers by Hanieh Bakhtiari in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-1510
Restricted access

Abstract

While visual eroticism is an accepted theme in cinema, the penis is still the last frontier of representation onscreen, either covered from the gaze of viewers or coated in phallic status in its rare representations. This article explores a rupture with the mythic penile representations in cinema within the recurrent scenes of full-frontal male nudity in Steve McQueen's Shame (2011). Through generating a space between the corporeal penis and the abstract phallus, Shame foregrounds the untold vulnerability and volatility inherent in the supposed rigid heterosexual position of male sexuality. The research highlights such a shift in the phallic visuals of male nudity and its implications for a possible alteration in the significance and function of the penis.

Contributor Notes

Hanieh Bakhtiari is an independent researcher from Iran. She is a graduate in English Literature from the University of Tehran. As a self-proclaimed feminist from a Middle Eastern culture, she is interested in critical theories on gender relations, women's studies, and masculinities. In Fall 2020, she published “On Top of Feminist Agenda, Bringing Masculinities to Light” in Journal of Zananemrooz, the only Iranian journal specializing in feminism. Currently, she is conducting research under the American Men's Studies Association's 2021–2022 mentorship program, a program that helps early career scholars to do independent research. Email: hanieh.bakhtiari1990@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-1510.

  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • Allan, A. Jonathan. 2018. “The Foreskin Aesthetic or Ugliness Reconsidered”. Men and Masculinities. 23 (3–4): 558578. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X17753038.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Anderson, Eric. (2006) 2009. Inclusive Masculinity. The Changing Nature of Masculinities. New York: Taylor & Francis.

  • Bazin, André. 2005. “Marginal Notes on Eroticism in the Cinema.” In What Is Cinema? Vol. 2, 169178. Trans. Hugh Gray. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Beasley, Chris. 2015. “Libidinal Heterodoxy, Heterosexuality, Hetero-masculinity, and ‘Transgression.’Men and Masculinities 18: 140158.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bordo, Susan. 1999. The Male Body, A New Look at Men in Public and in Private. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

  • Bradshaw, Peter. 2012. “Shame Review.” The Guardian. 12 January. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/jan/12/shame-film-review-fassbender.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brown, Lauren. 2011. “Here's What ‘Shame’ Does That Most Movies Don't (Besides Full Frontal Male Nudity)”. Business Insider. 5 December. http://assets.businessinsider.com/shame-2011-12.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Buchanan, Kyle. 2011. “How Dangerous Is Michael Fassbender?New York Magazine. 17 November. https://nymag.com/movies/features/michael-fassbender-2011-11/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Connell, Raewyn. 1987. Gender and Power. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

  • Connell, Raewyn. 1995. Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.

  • De Beauvoir, Simon. 1972. The Second Sex. Trans. and ed. H. M. Parshley. Middlesex, England: Penguin.

  • Driel, Mels van. 2009. Manhood: The Rise and Fall of the Penis. London: Reaktion Books Ltd.

  • Dyer, Richard. 2002. The Culture of the Queer. London: Routledge.

  • Friedman, David. 2001. A Mind of Its Own: A Cultural History of the Penis. London: Robert Hale.

  • Goffman, Erving. 1979. Gender Advertisement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

  • Hall, Mathew. 2014. Metrosexual Masculinities. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

  • Jameson, Fredric. 1992. Signatures of the Visible. London: Routledge.

  • Kimmel, Michael S. 1994. “Masculinity as Homophobia, Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity.” In Theorizing Masculinity, ed. Harry Brod and Michael Kaufman, 119141. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kimmel, Michael S., Christine Milrod, and Amanda Kennedy, eds. 2014. Cultural Encyclopedia of the Penis. London: Rowman & Littlefield.

  • Klinger, Barbara. 1994. Melodrama and Meaning: History, Culture, and the Films of Douglas Sirk. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

  • Laqueur, Thomas. 2003. Solitary Sex, A Cultural History of Masturbation. New York: Zone Books.

  • Lehman, Peter. 1998. “In an Imperfect World, Men with Small Penis Are Unforgivable.” Men and Masculinities 1 (2): 123137.

  • Lehman, Peter. 2007. Running Scared: Masculinity and the Representation of the Male Body (new edition). Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lehman, Peter. 2020. “More penises are appearing on TV and in film—but why are nearly all of them prosthetic?” The Conversation. 9 October. https://theconversation.com/more-penises-are-appearing-on-tv-and-in-film-but-why-are-nearly-all-of-them-prosthetic-146906.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lie, Sulgi. 2016. “From Shame to Drive: The Waning of Affect; or, The Rising of the Drive Image in Contemporary Hollywood Cinema.” Social Text 34 (2): 4570. https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-3467966.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lorentzen, Jørgen. 2007. “Masculinities and the Phenomenology of Men's Orgasms.” Men and Masculinities 10 (1): 7184. doi: 10.1177/1097184X07299331.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Messerschmidt, James W. 2018. Hegemonic Masculinity Formulation, Reformulation, and Amplification. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

  • Miller, Julie. 2012. “A Year in the Life of Michael Fassbender's Penis.” Vanity Fair. 19 March. https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2012/03/michael-fassbender-penis-shame-charlize-theron.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moss, Mark. 2011. The Media and the Models of Masculinity. Washington, DC: Lexington Books.

  • Mulvey, Laura. 1975. “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema.” Screen 16 (3): 618.

  • Neale, Stephen. 1983. “Masculinity as Spectacle, Reflections on Men and Mainstream Cinema.” Screen 24 (6): 217. doi: 10.1093/screen/24.6.2/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ouzgane, Lahoucine. 2006. Islamic Masculinities. London: Zed Books.

  • Scott A. O. 2011. “Only One Thing on His Mind.” The New York Times. 1 December. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/02/movies/shame-directed-by-steve-mcqueen-review.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sheaffer, Russel. 2014. “Representations of Male Sex Work in Film.” Male Sex Work and Society. ed. Victor Minichiello and John Scott. New York: Harrington Park Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Simpson, Mark. 1994. Male impersonators. London: Cassell.

  • Stephens, Elizabeth. 2007. “The Spectacularized Penis Contemporary Representations of the Phallic Male Body.” Men and Masculinities; Sage Publication 10 (1): 8598. doi: 10.1177/1097184X07299332.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vineyard, Jennifer. 2014. “Stephen Rea on the Crying Game's Penis Surprise.” Vulture. 5 December. https://www.vulture.com/2014/12/stephen-rea-on-the-crying-games-sex-surprise.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vishnevetsky, Ignatiy. 2011. “Review, Steve McQueen's Shame.” MUBI. 3 December. https://mubi.com/notebook/posts/notebook-reviews-steve-mcqueens-shame.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Warner, Michael, ed. 1993. Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

  • Young, Damon. 2018. Making Sex Public and Other Cinematic Fantasies. London: Duke Up Print.

  • Brenon, Herbert, director. 1916. A Daughter of the Gods. USA.

  • Campion, Jane, director. 1993. The Piano. France and Australia.

  • Ferrara, Abel, director. 1992. Bad Lieutenant. USA.

  • Greenaway, Peter, director. 1996. Pillow Book. Finland.

  • Hitchcock, Alfred. director. 1960. Psycho. USA.

  • Jordan, Neil, director. 1992. The Crying Game. USA and UK.

  • Machenzie, David, director. 2003. Young Adam. The Netherlands.

  • McBride, Jim, director. 1983. Breathless. USA.

  • McQueen, Steve, director. 2011. Shame. USA.

  • Nicholson, Jack, director. Drive, He Said. 1971. USA.

  • Paul Weitz, Chris Weitz. With Jason Biggs, Chris Klein, Thomas Ian Nicholas, Jennifer Coolidge. 1999–present. America Pie. USA.

  • Phillips, Todd. 2009–2013. The Hangover. USA.

  • Pyne, Alexander, director. 2011. The Descendants. USA.

  • Schrader, Paul, director. 1980. American Gigolo. USA.

  • Schlesinger, John, director. 1969. Midnight Cowboy. USA.

Metrics

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 1473 579 40
Full Text Views 58 3 0
PDF Downloads 38 3 0