Tortured Freedom
A Sartrean Critique of Political Tortured Confessions in Iran
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Abstract
Political prisoners in the Islamic Republic of Iran are tortured to the point that they may be psychologically broken, confess to something against their will, and actively bring degrading effects upon themselves. Phenomenologists maintain that consciousness is thoroughly intertwined with the body. It is not that we have bodies but that we are our bodies. In light of this position, torturing the body thus allows the torturer to break the consciousness and freedom of the tortured. How can tortured individuals stand up again as authentic and free agents after their forced confessions? I will examine the relationship between tortured confessions and human freedom, basing my examination on the experiences of Iranian political activists. I argue that, although the victim's consciousness has been manipulated, the victim's freedom is as intact as it was before the tortured confession.
Contributor Notes
Hamid Andishan is an assistant professor of philosophy at Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia, Canada. He works on political philosophy, critical phenomenology, philosophy of human rights, and existentialism.