Although research on the history of physical anthropology in Central and Southeastern Europe has increased significantly since the 1990s the impact race had on the discipline's conceptual maturity has yet to be fully addressed. Once physical anthropology is recognized as having preserved inter-war racial tropes within scientific discourses about national communities, new insights on how nationalism developed during the 1970s and 1980s will emerge, both in countries belonging to the communist East—Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, and in those belonging to the West—Austria and Greece. By looking at the relationship between race and physical anthropology in these countries after 1945 it becomes clear what enabled the recurrent themes of ethnic primordiality, racial continuity, and de-nationalizing of ethnic minorities not only to flourish during the 1980s but also to re-emerge overtly during political changes characterizing the last two decades.
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Introduction
Whither race? Physical anthropology in post-1945 Central and Southeastern Europe
Marius Turda
Women's Uprising in Poland
Embodied Claims between the Nation and Europe
Jennifer Ramme
Abstract
In 2016 a legislative proposal introducing an abortion ban resulted in female mass mobilisations. The protests went along with frequent claims of Polish as well as European belonging. Next to this, creative appropriations of patriotic symbols related to national movements, fights and uprisings for independence and their transformation into a sign of female bodily sovereignty could be observed all over the country. The appearance of bodies needs to be looked at in relation to the concrete political context and conditions in which bodies materialise (). Bodies are in this sense always relational, but they also depend. The article argues that the constitution of ‘European bodies’ can serve to empower people exposed to and oppressed by nationalist biopolitics. In such cases a ‘European body’ might be constituted in distinction to the nation/nationalism and its claim of ownership on female bodies (the ‘national body’) and by performing multiple belongings extending national belonging.
In Anthropological Journal of European Cultures
- Published (Print):
- 01 Jun 2019
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 90–93 (4 total)
‘We Are the Citizens of a Nation Called Lebanon’
An Ethnographic Case on Sectarianism in Lebanon and the Limits It Imposes on Its Youth
Riwa Haidar
unification and spread of a nationalistic identification amongst the youth. Instead, this provided a free pass to teachers who, instead of teaching nationalism to their students, feel an urgent need to share their own confessional stories and points of view in
In Anthropology of the Middle East
- Published (Print):
- 01 Dec 2022
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 6–29 (24 total)
Between Liberal and Republican Citizenship
Feminism and Nationalism in Romania, 1880-1918
Maria Bucur
This essay explores feminism's relations with nationalism and liberalism by examining specifically how feminists in late-nineteenth-century Romania understood citizenship and how they articulated views about women's empowerment starting from specific assumptions about individual rights and responsibilities in the community (as regulated by the state through citizenship). This perspective enables me to explain the eagerness of many feminist activists to work within the dominant paternalist/patriarchal context not as a paradox, but rather as an outgrowth of locally grounded, powerful contexts that worked together to afford specific choices to women struggling against patriarchy. In the case I discuss below feminists understood women's empowerment in terms of validating and increasing women's civic duties and responsibilities, rather than struggling for individual rights. These arguments built upon a well-established, albeit not clearly articulated, concept of republican citizenship, and reconstructed it most often in the language of nationalism (frequently ethno-nationalism), which had wide currency in Romania in the late nineteenth century.
For Women's Rights, Church, and Fatherland
The Lithuanian Catholic Women's Organisation, 1908-1940
Indrė Karčiauskaitė
This article examines the history of the Lietuviu Katalikiu Moteru Draugija (LKMD, Lithuanian Catholic Women's Organisation) from its foundation in 1908 to its disbandment under Soviet occupation in 1940. Special attention is paid to the LKMD's changing relationship with the Catholic clergy and Lithuanian nationalism. Exploring which type of feminism the LKMD represented, the article focuses on attitudes of the LKMD leadership towards women's rights, participation in society, and paid employment. The beginning of the 1920s is shown to have been a turning point. At that time many educated women became active in order to enshrine women's rights in the statutes of the newly independent Lithuanian State. Several of them joined the LKMD, subsequently succeeding in reducing the clergy's influence on the organisation's central board. The LKMD, it turns out, was a good example of a women's organisation espousing relational feminism (Karen Offen's term), insisting on women's participation in society as being distinct from men's, particularly in relation to women's role as mothers, while taking a stand for equality between men and women, especially with respect to judicial issues.
The Eurozone Crisis, Greece and European Integration
Anthropological Perspectives on Austerity in the EU
Sally Raudon and Cris Shore
Around 2010, a shift in the EU-understanding of austerity took place – from a future-orientated vision based on concepts of solidarity, cohesion and subsidiarity, to a crisis-driven present shaped around the imperatives of immediate fiscal discipline and debt repayment. This has had contradictory effects, producing widespread divisions, disunity and rising nationalism across Europe on one hand, and new forms of social solidarity and resistance on the other.
In Anthropological Journal of European Cultures
- Published (Print):
- 01 Mar 2018
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 64–83 (19 total)
Sight and Touch between East and West
Ethics, Ethnography and Social Theory
Liene Ozolina
2014 ). The East European version of nationalism – labelled ‘ethnonationalism’ – is feared as uncivilised and dangerous in comparison to the Western ‘civic nationalism’, even as the former is now becoming mainstream in the old democracies across the
In Anthropological Journal of European Cultures
- Published (Print):
- 01 Sep 2020
- Article Type:
- Review Article
- Pages:
- 102–107 (6 total)
The Australian Society of the State
Egalitarian Ideologies and New Directions in Exclusionary Practice
Bruce Kapferer and Barry Morris
This article considers the broad historical and ideological processes that participate in forming the continuities and discontinuities of Australian egalitarian nationalism. We draw attention to its forma- tion and re-formation in the debates surrounding the so-called Han- son phenomenon. Hansonism refracts the crisis of what we regard as the Australian society of the state in the circumstances of the devel- opment of neoliberal policies and the more recent neoconservative turn of the current Howard government. Our argument is directed to exploring the contradictions and tensions in Australian egalitarian thought and practice and its thoroughgoing creative reengagement in contemporary postcolonial and postmodern Australia.
In Social Analysis
- Published (Print):
- 01 Dec 2003
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 80–107 (28 total)
Melissa DeLury
well as the rise of Hindu nationalism during the tenure of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from 1999 to 2004. A social identity lens is applied to examine how religion became a salient identity informing ingroup and outgroup membership, social boundary
In Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society
- Published (Print):
- 01 Sep 2022
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 40–57 (18 total)
Jonathan Spyer
The field of general theories of nationalism has been a subject of frequent reference for scholars of Israel. The uses to which the vari- ous theories have been put are manifold. While it is not possible to draw an exact correlation, it may be maintained that a general pattern may be observed, where perennialist and ethno-symbolic theories have proved of particular attraction to scholars seeking to locate Israel as a 'normal' state, sharing aspects of its development and identity with other Western democracies. Modernist and instrumentalist theories, by contrast, have often been associated with more critical views that point to perceived oppressive or undemocratic aspects of the Israeli polity or Israeli history. What is noteworthy in all these examples is the important role the discussion on nationalism plays in the process of 'opening up' the study of Israel for comparative purposes, and in deepening analysis of historical, social, and political processes.
In Israel Studies Review
- Published (Print):
- 01 Dec 2005
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 46–68 (23 total)