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transit countries or corridors, in reality both countries now resemble cul-de-sacs, as they have become de facto (in)voluntary destination countries for “immobilized” asylum seekers, refugees, and other migrants wanting to stay there (Missbach and Phillips

incentives, through which they exert ongoing pressure on transit states ( De Haas 2008 ). Destination countries increasingly expect the transit countries receiving such incentives to put in place migration and border controls and preemptive deterrence

, during the past three decades, the country has received immigrants and refugees (mostly Colombians), while being a transit country used by immigrants on their way to other destinations, and by Ecuadorean deportees mainly from the US to recommence their

significant transit country between West and North Africa, Niger has attracted the attention of the EU as a “laboratory” ( Maurice 2016 ) for the implementation of its efforts aimed at curbing the movement of migrants and refugees toward Europe and increasing

( Andersson 2016a ). This article investigates the way in which these threats are dealt with by external actors using the Central Mediterranean route as an example, specifically focusing on Libya as a transit country and departure point for irregular migration

institutionalize “voluntary” returns with the support of IOs. This article examines this development in the case of Turkey, the largest refugee host and transit country on the eastern Mediterranean route of irregular movements toward Europe. It shows that the

two ‘People and Places’ pieces, the section direct[s] attention to transit countries in the global South both to examine how they react to … external demands to become gatekeepers and, more importantly, to understand the (self

leave those “transit” countries, and we call them “transit” because, supposedly, they are meant to be there for a temporary time. But no, they eventually stay in those countries, and don't want to carry on with the journey to reach Western countries

Turkey, the most important refugee host and transit country on the eastern Mediterranean route toward Europe. Her analysis illustrates different ways in which “voluntary” returns from Turkey are being institutionalized at the national and subnational

individual trajectories. For many people, the journey to Italy is a protracted one, with multiple departure points. Italy is not necessarily the intended “arrival country”; most often, for Syrian refugees, it is a transit country on the way to Germany, and to