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. Trying to resurrect the prewar economy in the 1920s only caused more upheaval. Dictatorship, autarchy, and import substitution regimes arose in the wake of the war as alternatives to economic integration and liberal, capitalist models. A new, more

.” Semiotic theories then began to explore these “secondary modeling systems” by which a social group’s discourses are semantically organized according to “cultures” and “ideologies.” 9 The dictionary was thus perceived as a producer of the ideology of the

have no serious objection to the claim that the homicide rate in later medieval Europe was high relative to today. 3 But either way, this is a good and healthy debate. To reiterate, Better Angels offers a bold new model for linking the many eras of

, refrain from engaging in online political commentary, and choose not to maintain potentially lucrative or personally rewarding online presences.” 46 These are real harms, not virtual ones. Finally, Pinker’s employment of an evolutionary psychology model

love and appreciation by boys for their adult male lovers contradict the current dominant model of child sexual abuse, which rests on the assumption that intergenerational sexual encounters are inherently traumatic for children. This assumption of harm

imperial secretary and governor of Constantinople and is best known for writing a History of the reign of Emperor Maurice that justified the deposing of the usurper Phokas by stressing his vicious character. John Malalas (c. 491–578) was a model for later

years of tyranny. This disjuncture between his “aesthetics and politics” is, in the model of Gary Wilder, a function of pragmatic anticolonialism, “a warning against presumptively treating his political acts as self-evident or one-dimensional.” 8 Fodéba

the wife of Count Geoffrey Grenonat, and Constance of Normandy (see Table 1 ). Following the model of Queen Esther from the Old Testament, each of these women helped their husbands and sons cultivate relationships with the church. 5 Table 1 Modeling

’s argument does jibe with what many of us experience today. The historian in me, however, worries. His Eurocentrism raises a flag: he implies a single path into a peaceable modernity following the European model, leaving one to wonder about paths not taken