’ ( Diop 1987a: 7 ). Africans in West Africa had common languages, despite the existence of local dialects that were used as languages of trade and government (ibid). But with the arrival of European colonialism, African official languages were replaced
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Pan-African Linguistic and Cultural Unity
A Basis For pan-Africanism and the African Renaissance
Simphiwe Sesanti
David Owen
regulated borders. Rather it was a product of global travel and trade, and unless we are willing to embrace quite radical forms of national autarky, we have little reason to think that actually having open borders would make a significant difference to our
Samuel Moyn and Jean-Paul Gagnon
commensurability (e.g. on matters of culture, language, and logic) has been with, at least, Eurasia and Africa (probably Australia, too) for millennia as people traveled, translated, loved, warred, and traded over this time and in those spaces. But what's the
Neither Shadow nor Spectre
Populism as the Ideological Embodiment of the Democratic Paradox
Anthony Lawrence Borja
in pressing their demands for the return of Peron. Second is the Peronist Youth whose radicalism was based on (1) disdain towards the trade union bureaucracy and bureaucratic party structures; (2) emphasis on generational struggle; and (3) an
Thom Brooks
must make sure their reasons for voting as they do are morally and epistemically justified’ ( Brennan 2011: 4 ). Call these duties the Duties to Vote Well. Brennan claims that ‘vote buying, selling and trading are morally permissible’ where it does not
‘The Expenditure of a Million of British Sovereigns in this Otherwise Miserable Place’
Frontier Wars, Public Debt and the Cape’s Non-racial Constitution
Jeff Peires
disintegrated over the question of free trade, and was succeeded by a series of unstable coalition governments which persisted throughout the period we are looking at. Earl Grey, the Colonial Secretary in Lord John Russell’s Whig government, was influenced by
Ajume H. Wingo
the Fifth Pan-African Congress in Manchester, England in October 1945. Organised by the Trinidadian pan-Africanist George Padmore and Ghanaian independence leader Kwame Nkrumah, it was planned to follow the World Federation of Trade Unions’ meeting in
Monique Deveaux
over the years (and some new powers as well). This resulted from a series of political trade-offs involving, at different stages, the African National Congress (ANC), the National Party, the United Democratic Front (UDF), the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP
Deleuze's Postscript on the Societies of Control
Updated for Big Data and Predictive Analytics
James Brusseau
Kafka's Trial, with an increasingly unhinged Josef K. obsessively returning to doors irregularly closed to him by a malevolent overseer. Contrastingly, the reality today is that those professionals who track consumers and trade in the marketplace of
Tolerating the Conditionally Tolerant
The Uneasy Case of Salvation Religions
William A. Edmundson
hegemony by force of arms or the coercion of trade policy ( LP 84-85, 92). What they must do is to set an example. Rawls, quoting Hegel, suggests that when we look at the world rationally, it looks rationally back ( JF 3). But, one can't help thinking, if