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On 23 February 2005, the National Assembly ignited controversy when it passed a law defending France’s colonial past. * The polemic centered on Article 4 of the law, which stipulated that school curricula would “acknowledge in particular the

, but her narrative swings between the local and national and the imperial and global. This is an exploration into the preservation of the past but as it was carried through by means of the present. Moreover, while Ford focuses on landscape, she never

, enjoyed amorous relations with men, and rarely experienced difference as discrimination. … This understanding Ozouf attributes to something close to a French national character (she refers to it as a “common essence” and a “national genius”) that, despite

the Casbah of Algiers in French. The photographs on her identity cards show a modern, well-coiffed young woman. 9 She styled her hair in a modern updo and wore fashionable blouses and professional jackets. Figure 1 Identity Card of Nafissa Sid Cara

called “memory-history.” 27 Nora only links “memory-history” to national collective memory and national identity—a consequence, perhaps, of the fact that Les lieux de mémoire for the most part does not engage with France’s colonies. 28 A close

–97 ; Marie-Claire Robic, éd., Le Tableau de la géographie de la France de Paul Vidal de la Blache : Dans le labyrinthe des formes (Paris : Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, 2000) ; « National Identity in Vidal’s Tableau de la géographie de

conservative parties of serious competition on their right. Le Pen was in his 70s, and the succession process did not look promising. Excluded from Le Pen’s Front, Mégret created the rival Mouvement national républicain. It went nowhere. In the European

new cultural and communal identity. Historians Nancy Green, Paula Hyman, and David Weinberg laid the groundwork for studies on Jewish life in modern France, showing the importance of understanding peoples’ politics and religiosity while trying to

something that felt actual or that took priority over national identification. As the Brussels case shows, “Europeanization” was pictured as a practice of translation and social exchange across difference, not as an emergent intracontinental identity. In

clearly an intentionally political work. 11 Yet (Joffrin aside) his harshest critics usually reject the possibility of Submission as an actual political statement. If Houellebecq lends aid and comfort to the Front national it is out of carelessness, they