boys. Beginning in the 1870s, the philosophy of positivism, which outlined the tenets of economic development and centralization, was embraced by a new generation of educators in Mexico. In France, the philosophy of positivism was particularly embraced
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The Concept of Sentimental Boyhood
The Emotional Education of Boys in Mexico during the Early Porfiriato, 1876–1884
Carlos Zúñiga Nieto
Becoming a Gentleman
Adolescence, Chivalry, and Turn-of-the-Century Youth Movements
Kent Baxter
both sides of the Atlantic, the fascination with medieval mentalities revealed the complexities of the revolt against positivism. Often perceived as displaying childlike traits, the peasants, saints, and seers of the Middle Ages focused reactions to the