Although there is a realization in Western society today that childhood is changing, the topic remains clouded in confusion and contradictory viewpoints. The central question, if and how the nature of childhood itself has changed, has led the author to conduct a metabletic inquiry. Metabletics or the science of change is a human science research approach that incorporates phenomenological methods and seeks to understand a phenomenon by taking its historical development, its social cultural context and relevant synchronistic developments into account. In exploring the changing nature of childhood, historical, metabletic, and phenomenological studies were consulted as well as some selected sources from literature, art, and entertainment that portray the lives of children and, in particular, of boys in the past and in the present. First, a brief historical perspective on the changing nature of childhood from traditional to modern times is presented. This is followed by the concept of modern childhood and its transition to a postmodern childhood. The author aims to describe the essential characteristics of childhood with a focus on boyhood as lived in different historical time periods in order to contribute to a clearer understanding of its changing nature. The present study is exploratory and opens a vast domain that awaits further detailed investigations.
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The Changing Nature of Childhood and Boyhood
A Metabletic Study
Bertha Mook
Practicing Democracy from Childhood
Democratic Praxis in Te Ao Māori
Kylie Smith, Ksenija Napan, Raewyn Perkinson, and Roberta Hunter
and Wilson 2017 ; Fielding and Moss 2011 ; Greenberg 1987 ; Tikoko et al. 2011 ). Māori offer us a process for achieving this goal. When learned and experienced through ongoing active participation throughout childhood, such deliberative democratic
Imperialism and Nationhood in Children’s Books in Colonial Bengal
Gargi Gangopadhyay
sphere have attracted academic attention only recently; of these phenomena, the changes affecting children and the ways in which urban stimuli altered Bengali childhood have been among the least studied. Parallel to the significant transformations in the
Reinventing Play
Autistic Children and the Normativity of Play in Postwar France
Jonathyne Briggs
from how play was envisioned within the traditional notions of education and the discourses of childhood in the postwar period, both of which established and enforced ideas of play . The connection between play and normative childhood was reinforced
Childhood and Cinema
Bonnie S. Kaufman
Review of Vicky Lebeau, CHILDHOOD AND CINEMA
Leisuring Masculinities in British Indian Childhoods
Explorations at the Intersection of Gender Order and Generational Order
Utsa Mukherjee
, I show that forms of masculinities that are constructed and performed within children's everyday leisurescapes can help unravel the gendered as well as generational politics that inflect childhoods and parenthoods and mark the relations between the
The Value of Anthropology in Child Health Policy
Julie Spray
these scholars work within a constructivist framework which was concretised within childhood studies in the early 1990s ( James and Prout 1990 ). Emphasising the value of children’s own perspectives, this framework positions children as autonomous agents
Constructing Childhood through Remembrance in Selected Short Stories by Alice Munro
Zeinab Abdulmuttalib
This article examines the construction of childhood in selected short stories by the Canadian author Alice Munro. It looks at the conceptualisation of childhood through remembrance. I attempt to explore Munro's means of narrativising memory. The
Undoing the Myth of Childhood Innocence in Gisela Elsner's Fliegeralarm
Susanne Baackmann
culpability and innocence. Even today Fliegeralarm remains provocative in its contestation of “childhood innocence.” It portrays life on the home front in Nuremberg, Elsner's hometown, from the perspective of a band of pre-school children who create their
A Brief History of Childhood in Boir Ahmad, Iran
Erika Friedl
on. 5 The development of a community’s childhood concepts and child-rearing practices is an ongoing process that, for the necessity of brevity, I here will present as three historical stages from about 1870 to 2016. These periods have no firm