Discourse-based analysis continues to be thought of, in some quarters, in overgeneralizing terms. In this article, I emphasize that all instances of it do not share the same suppositions, and I demonstrate its purchase for a critical but nuanced revisiting of processes of national liberation and development. I present support for some of the conclusions that I advanced in an earlier study (Langley 2001), which examines post-1979 Sandinismo as a dispositif within modernity. Ultimately, I focus upon contrasting discourses of the literacy campaign that place Sandinismo in time and space as well as within a historical particularity. I consider how these discourses relate to the ways in which the most marginalized sectors of campesinos (peasants) fared in the context of the Sandinista project. The manner in which they had been ‘spoken’ about shaped and delimited how they ‘spoke’ and might have ‘spoken.’
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Revisiting 'Resistance', 'The Peasantry' and Liberation/Development
The Case of Sandinismo in the 1980s
Sandra Langley
In Social Analysis
- Published (Print):
- 01 Mar 2004
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 179–195 (17 total)
Leonie Ansems de Vries
Michel Foucault's genealogy of the entry of life into politics provides an incisive account of the manner in which life came to be governed on the basis of its understood biological capacities and requirements. Foucault problematises biopolitics as a mode of governance through which life's potentialities are both produced and immobilised via the continuous (re)production of circulations, or the constitution of the milieu. The question is whether governance can be (dis)ordered such that this problem of biopolitical foreclosure is overcome. This problematique will be broached in this article by staging an encounter between Foucault's problematisation of biopolitical life and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's biophilosophy, which offers the promise of an ontological movement to think political life anew. Engaging Deleuze and Guattari's concept of the milieu, the article explores whether a shift of focus to an understanding of political life in terms of its potentialities of mobile and relational becoming within a wider play of forces can offer a viable strategy to counter the problematic foreclosure of politics to which Foucault draws attention.
Julie Pluies
mais aussi questionnée par d’autres ( Lancy, 2012 ; Sobo, 2015 ). En choisissant d’aborder les inquiétudes liées à la manifestation de problèmes psychologiques et psychiatriques au Maroc, je me demande quels processus et dispositifs médicaux sont à l
In Anthropology of the Middle East
- Published (Print):
- 01 Jun 2017
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 115–134 (20 total)
L’entrée en politique des militants amérindiens en Argentine
Trajectoires, discours, avancées et limites
Maité Boullosa-Joly
en rendant les militants dépendants des dispositifs étatiques. NOTES 1 En 1985, une première loi est votée donnant des droits aux autochtones en matière d’accès à la propriété de la terre. En 1994, l’Argentine modifie sa constitution et
In Regions and Cohesion
- Published (Print):
- 01 Dec 2017
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 52–73 (22 total)
Du pays du non-dit à une libération de la parole
L'histoire comme enjeu culturel en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Frédéric Angleviel
Avant-hier, la société coloniale calédonienne refusait l'existence d'une civilisation kanake et occultait l'histoire conflictuelle de cette petite "France austral" des antipodes. Hier, le fait que l'identité kanake puisse être le pilier central de la case calédonienne était occulté par une quête patrimoniale et identitaire multiculturelle. Aujourd'hui, le centre culturel Jean-Marie Tjibaou (accords de Matignon) et la décision de mettre la civilisation kanake au centre du dispositif (accord de Nouméa), vont-il permettre l'émergence d'une "communauté de destin." L'étude de l'historiographie calédonienne illustre la difficulté de mettre en phase la théorie et les contraintes de la réalité.
In Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques
- Published (Print):
- 01 Mar 2008
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 104–121 (18 total)
Where's Jessica?
Myth, Nation, and War in America's Heartland
Charles W. Brown
Discourse-based analysis continues to be thought of, in some quarters, in overgeneralizing terms. In this article, I emphasize that all instances of it do not share the same suppositions, and I demonstrate its purchase for a critical but nuanced revisiting of processes of national liberation and development. I present support for some of the conclusions that I advanced in an earlier study (Langley 2001), which examines post-1979 Sandinismo as a dispositif within modernity. Ultimately, I focus upon contrasting discourses of the literacy campaign that place Sandinismo in time and space as well as within a historical particularity. I consider how these discourses relate to the ways in which the most marginalized sectors of campesinos (peasants) fared in the context of the Sandinista project. The manner in which they had been ‘spoken’ about shaped and delimited how they ‘spoke’ and might have ‘spoken.’
To Fail at Scale!
Minimalism and Maximalism in Humanitarian Entrepreneurship
Jamie Cross and Alice Street
Abstract
Humanitarian entrepreneurs seek to do well and do good by developing goods and services that directly address the world's most intractable problems. In this article we explore the expectations built into two of their products: a point-of-care diagnostic device and a solar-powered lantern. We show how these objects materialise both a minimalist ethic of care and a maximalist commitment to universal access for health and energy. Such maximalist commitments, we propose, are fundamentally utopian. The developers of these humanitarian goods do not envision their objects as stop-gap solutions or ‘band-aids’ for entrenched systemic failures but rather as the building blocks for new kinds of universal infrastructures that are delivered through the market. We trace the work involved in scaling-up the humanitarian effects of these devices through processes of design, manufacturing and distribution. For humanitarian entrepreneurs, we argue, to fail at delivering expectations is to fail at scale.
Les entrepreneurs humanitaires cherchent à faire bien et à faire du bien en développant des biens et des services qui s'attaquent directement aux problèmes les plus insolubles du monde. Dans cet article, nous explorons les attentes intégrées dans deux de leurs produits : un dispositif de diagnostic au point de service et une lanterne à énergie solaire. Nous montrons comment ces objets matérialisent à la fois une éthique minimaliste des soins et un engagement maximaliste en faveur de l'accès universel à la santé et à l'énergie. Nous proposons que de tels engagements maximalistes sont fondamentalement utopiques. Les concepteurs de ces biens humanitaires n'envisagent pas leurs objets comme des solutions provisoires ou des « pansements » pour des défaillances systémiques bien ancrées, mais plutôt comme les éléments constitutifs de nouveaux types d'infrastructures universelles fournies par le marché. Nous retraçons le travail nécessaire pour augmenter les effets humanitaires de ces dispositifs à travers des processus de design, de fabrication et de distribution. Pour les entrepreneurs humanitaires, nous soutenons qu'échouer à répondre aux attentes est un échec à grande échelle.
In Social Anthropology/Anthropologie sociale
- Published (Print):
- 01 Jun 2022
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 101–119 (19 total)
Waiting for the Inevitable
Permanent Emergency, Therapeutic Domination and Homo Pandemicus
Laurence Mcfalls and Mariella Pandolfi
Abstract
Drawing on twenty-five years of ethnographic observation and reflection on humanitarian interventions’ power practices and on theoretical inspirations from Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Gilles Deleuze, Max Weber and Ernesto de Martino, we show that, in the current health crisis, new modes of truth, power and subjectivity have emerged in a space between ‘too late’ liberalism (i.e. the final moment of liberalism in which it reveals the inherent impossibility of its promise of prosperity and freedom for all) and ‘too soon’ authoritarianism (i.e. a self-imposed subordination to incontestable biosecurity imperatives). Self-sacrifice, self-imposed subalternity and hopeful, docile acceptance, or alternatively blind rage, in the face of the ‘inevitable’ characterise homo pandemicus, the ultimate liberal subject. Developed on sites of humanitarian intervention, the logic of ‘permanent emergency’ is the regulatory dispositive that perpetuates therapeutic domination on a planetary scale.
En s'appuyant sur vingt-cinq ans d'observation ethnographique et de réflexion sur les pratiques de pouvoir des interventions humanitaires, et inspirés des théories de Foucault, Agamben, Deleuze, Weber et De Martino, nous montrons que, dans la crise sanitaire actuelle, de nouveaux modes de vérité, de pouvoir et de subjectivité ont émergé dans un espace entre le libéralisme “trop tard” (c'est-à-dire le moment final du libéralisme dans lequel il révèle l'impossibilité inhérente de sa promesse de prospérité et de liberté pour tous) et l'autoritarisme “trop tôt” (c'est-à-dire la subordination auto-infligée à des impératifs incontestables de biosécurité). L'abnégation, la subalternité auto-imposée, la docilité naïvement optimiste ou encore la rage aveugle face, face à “l'inévitable” caractérisent l'Homo Pandémicus, le sujet libéral par excellence. Développée sur les sites d'intervention humanitaire, la logique de “l'urgence permanente” est le dispositif régulateur qui perpétue la domination thérapeutique à l’échelle planétaire.
In Social Anthropology/Anthropologie sociale
- Published (Print):
- 01 Dec 2022
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 126–142 (17 total)
Sébastien Roux and Aurélie Fillod-Chabaud
détailler certains enjeux, quelques précisions préalables apparaissent nécessaires. L'adoption faisant l'objet d'une régulation ancienne et complexe, nous avons choisi de réunir en introduction des informations relatives au dispositif qui la régule. Certes
In French Politics, Culture & Society
- Published (Print):
- 01 Dec 2020
- Article Type:
- Introduction
- Pages:
- 1–15 (15 total)
Tension between Fast and Slow Mobilities
Examining the Infrastructuring Processes in Brussels (1950–2019) through the Lens of Social Imaginaries
Claire Pelgrims
dispositifs toward acceleration or deceleration of movement, I propose to explore the frictions and articulations between the two, in a transmodal, diachronic, and transdisciplinary approach. Indeed, speed can “act as a conceptual bridge across several