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Introduction “ I n Austria, from the very beginning, the fpö has been the real Pegida.” This was the comment by the far-right leader Heinz Christian Strache about the organization Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamization of the Occident

Marcus Bensmann, Schwarzbuch AfD: Fakten, Figuren, Hintergründe (Essen: Correctiv Press, 2017). Stephan Grigat, ed., AfD & FPÖ: Antisemitismus, völkischer Nationalismus und Geschlechterbilder (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 2017). Michael Wildt

with the small Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), entered into a grand coalition with the Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP) after the right-wing populist Jörg Haider became FPÖ leader and radicalized the previously liberal party. During the thirteen years of

coping with experiences of profound change and loss. Of the FPÖ Heinisch observed: Haider began championing the country's specific cultural heritage and uniqueness … implied a return to an idealized past in which the small shopkeeper was safe from

Sweden have all seen these parties establishing themselves at the national level dating back almost twenty years. Jörg Haider's right-wing Austrian People's Party (FPÖ), for example, participated in national government shortly after that country was

—something that would have been unimaginable merely a few years ago and has primarily cost their social democratic competitors dearly. The most recent Austrian parliamentary election—which catapulted the right-wing populist Freedom Party (FPÖ) into government once

junior partners (e.g. the FPÖ in Austria or the Lega Nord in Italy), or govern by themselves (e.g., fidesz in Hungary or PiS in Poland). The initially widely shared prediction that institutional mechanisms would exert control and constraint over

association with parties such as ukip and their general euroskeptic stance—let alone the hard core of European right-wing populism: France’s National Front, Italy’s Northern League (Lega Nord), Austria’s Freedom Party (FPÖ), Flemish Interest (Vlaams Belang

). 18 See Anton Pelinka, “Die FPÖ in der vergleichenden Parteienforschung: Zur typologischen Einordnung der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs,” Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft 31, no. 3 (2002): 281–299; Heribert Schiedel, Der