During the Second World War, legions of Soviet women behind the lines participated in war-time production in both industry and agriculture. Soviet propaganda, despite the overwhelming numbers, contributions and sacrifices of women, graphically portrayed them in ways that both re-established the pre-war patriarchal gender relations of the Stalinist era and circumscribed women’s wartime experiences. This article examines how, during the initial and la er years of the conflict, and in the important and under- studied source of Soviet poster propaganda, the symbolic configuration and recon- figuration of femininity and the female image was transmitted through shifting official policies and attitudes on the role of women. While early posters portrayed women’s wartime participation as atypical, temporary and unwomanly, propaganda by the end of the war featured hyper-feminised representations of women while the Soviet state moved to reassert political controls and institutionalise conservative gender policies to serve the needs of war and reconstruction.
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Femininity (Con)scripted
Female Images in Soviet Wartime Poster Propaganda, 1941–1945
Susan Corbesero
Girl in American Flag Hijab
Noha Beydoun
iconography took new forms in startling ways. Trump's subsequent inauguration in 2017 and immigration policy (commonly called the Muslim Ban) sparked a series of protests across the United States. During these events, thousands of protesters held up posters
The Exhibition of Botocudos at Piccadilly Hall
Variations of an Anthropological Show, from the Museum to the Circus
Marina Cavalcante Vieira
‘beautiful’ and ‘superior’ features, compared to the other Indigenous women who used wooden discs. The London exhibition poster ( Figure 1 ) shows four of the five people, who were generically called Botocudos. A male is in the centre of the frame, wearing
In Anthropological Journal of European Cultures
- Published (Print):
- 01 Sep 2022
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 15–37 (23 total)
Victorian London Redux
Adapting the Gothic Metropolis
Chris Louttit
Dracula’s screen life: the poster for Hammer’s 1958 version of Dracula , with a menacing but alluring Christopher Lee poised over an exposed female neck. The series title sequence is, if anything, more self-conscious than this image in its response to
Visual matters in learning and teaching
Alexandra Howson
This article reports on the incorporation of visual material as a tool for learning sociology and discusses a poster assignment introduced as a means of assessment in an academic context committed to innovative learning strategies and to teaching and learning enhancement. The article draws on an evaluation of using the poster assignment to assess student learning and argues that visual images can provide valid and insightful ways of 'telling about society' which challenge the reliance on text as a means of teaching and learning sociology. The article explores the context in which visual materials are used in teaching and learning sociology and their impact on and significance for assessment and learning.
In Learning and Teaching
- Published (Print):
- 01 Dec 2008
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 43–66 (24 total)
The Return of Mother Russia
Representations of Women in Soviet Wartime Cinema
Elena Baraban
This article examines the process of symbolisation in the images of women in Soviet cinema. It argues that during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) many female characters served as symbolic representations of the country itself, of Mother Russia, determined to defeat the enemy and ready to endure hardships and to cope with deprivation and grief. The start of the resistance against Nazi Germany called for many more depictions of women than was typical in the thoroughly masculinised culture of the 1930s. At the same time, wartime images of women were quite abstract: they recalled posters and often relied on a symbolically charged mise-en-scène.
“Save the Men!”
Demographic Decline and the Public Response in the Late Soviet Period
Tricia Starks
Abstract
In 1968, the Soviet economist and demographer Boris Urlanis started a national conversation in the Soviet Union with his article “Beregite muzhchin!” or “Save the Men!” in the popular journal Literaturnaia gazeta. The essay, translated here, points out the increasingly troubling imbalance in male and female health as men were dying, on average, eight years earlier than women. Urlanis calls for attention to accidents and lifestyle problems (smoking and drinking, as featured in propaganda posters) as well as a nationwide set of health institutions centered on male health. The essay precipitated a flood of essays, letters, commentaries, cartoons, and even a movie under the same title.
Exhibitions
Aparna Kumar, Mary Bouquet, Alexandra Woodall, Paulette Wallace, Arjmand Aziz, Elizabeth Edwards, and Petra Mosmann
EXHIBITION REVIEW ESSAYS
Unsettling the National in South Asia: My East is Your West, Venice Biennale, and After Midnight, Queens Museum, New York
Nonstop Modernity: Renovating the Rijksmuseum
A Storehouse of Unimagined Treasures: York Art Gallery and the Centre of Ceramic Art, York St Mary’s
EXHIBITION REVIEWS
The Museum of Old and New Art, Hobart
Indigenous Australia: Enduring Civilisation, British Museum, London
Photography: A Victorian Sensation, National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, and Framed: People and Place in Irish Photography, Ulster Museum, Belfast
Girls at the Tin Sheds: Sydney Feminist Posters 1975–1990, University Art Museum, Sydney, and Girls at the Tin Sheds (Duplicated), Verge Gallery, Sydney
How popular Confucianism became embarrassing
On the spatial and moral center of the house in rural China
Hans Steinmüller
In the past, most farmhouses in central China had an ancestral shrine and a paper scroll with the Chinese letters for "heaven, earth, emperor, ancestors, and teachers" on the wall opposite the main entrance. The ancestral shrine and paper scroll were materializations of the central principles of popular Confucianism. This article deals with their past and present. It describes how in everyday action and in ritual this shrine marked a spatial and moral center. During the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) the ancestral shrines and paper scrolls were destroyed, and replaced by a poster of Mao Zedong. Although the moral principles of popular Confucianism were dismissed by intellectuals and politicians, Mao Zedong was worshipped in ways reminiscent of popular Confucian ritual. The Mao poster and the paper scroll stand for a continuity of a spatial-moral practice of centering. What has changed however is the public evaluation of such a local practice, and this tension can produce a double embarrassment. Elements of popular Confucianism (which had been forcefully denied in the past) remain somewhat embarrassing for many people in countryside. At the same time urbanites sometimes inversely perceive the Maoist condemnation of popular Confucianism as an awkward survival of peasant narrow-mindedness—all the more so as Confucian traditions are now reinvented and revitalized as cultural heritage.
'Father Mao' and the Country-Family
Mixed Feelings for Fathers, Officials, and Leaders in China
Hans Steinmüller
What does it mean when Mao Zedong is called 'Father Mao' and when ordinary people in central China put a poster of Mao in the place of their ancestors and the emperor? This article analyzes ordinary affection for the Chinese state and explores changing ideas of the leader as a father and the country as a family. The first part deals with the historical transformation of these metaphors from the late Qing dynasty to the Communist Revolution and Maoism, describing the vernacularization and sentimentalization of the 'Confucian order of the father/son' in twentieth-century China. Against this historical background and based on fieldwork material from central China, the second part deals with the 'mixed feelings' that people in the present day now have for fathers at home, for local officials, and for national leaders.
In Social Analysis
- Published (Print):
- 01 Dec 2015
- Article Type:
- Research Article
- Pages:
- 83–100 (18 total)