On 28 July 2011, Roberto Calderoli, minister of the simplification of
laws and regulations and a leading figure of the Lega Nord (LN, Northern
League), announced that “the implementation of the federalist
reform can be considered, for its most relevant part, accomplished”
and that “federalism becomes a completed and transparent system, as
it had never been: a true federalism of which all citizens will feel the
effects.”1 On 11 August, Roberto Formigoni, the regional president of
Lombardy, a leading figure of the Popolo della Libertà (PdL, People of
Liberty) and a strong advocate of fiscal federalism, declared: “Fiscal
federalism has lost all its substance; it does not exist anymore.”